Cultural Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Cultural Policy - Essay Example 64). It is remarkable that cultural policies should achieve set objective of society empowerment through avenues as employment provision. Social policies should equally promote the integration of diversity in cultures in the society. Cultural policies should promote equality among members of the society. All the objectives of most cultural policies are entangled in diverse focus points. Policymakers, therefore, should identify the challenge of formulating cultural policies that bring together. Promoting equality, for instance, would require focus on national heritage and culture. Achieving empowerment among the community members would call for focus on the creative industry. Attaining the objective of promoting cultural diversity in the society would require focus on arts. Since attaining all these is imperative, cultural policies should provide a framework of integration and promoting them. Policymakers should not single out the focus sectors, whether arts, national heritage, cultur e or creative industry. Instead, they should formulate cultural policies that ensure the attainment of benefits from all focus points. The case of UK cultural policy is an illustrative framework to integrate all focus areas (Lewis & Miller 2008, p. 7). The culture, media and sport department in the UK aims at improving the citizens’ quality of life through formulation of an inclusive cultural policy that addresses all the concerns and areas of focus. It targets to elevate the economy by promoting employment to citizens through its support to the creative industry. The department has an aim of making the UK an exciting destination for visitors and businessperson through the protection of culture and preserving national heritage (Great Britain, 2006, p. 184). This involves its support to preserving the national heritage as one of the vital areas. It encourages investments in cultures through funding pioneering projects through the support of forty-four agencies including public entities. Cultural policy is an approach to policymaking for promoting culture and art in the society (Craik, 2007, p. 42). Adopting an academic approach to cultural policy is an effective strategy to ensure their effectiveness in promoting culture and heritage. Legal frameworks that govern a society or country’s culture and art are vital components of cultural policy. Setting up institutions mandated to promote culture and art in a society or country is a vital aspect of cultural policy. Fostering cultural diversity in a country or society is an important role of the government and its policy formulation departments and agencies. Every country has its unique and diverse cultures that promote creativity. There are diverse approaches to cultural policy as adopted by different countries. It also provides for proper quality assurance in the management of culture and heritage. Policies should focus on guiding concepts of evaluation of the required standards. Evaluation is impera tive in ensuring scrutiny for spending and quality in the deliverance of services to the public. Policies should promote the administration of culture. Reformist adjustments to cultural policy promote proper financing of culture to achieve social inclusion. Policies should aim at providing funding to failing organizations to enhance their potential. Policies should provide enhanced used of digital technology to in promoting cult

Avoiding Groupthink Essay Example for Free

Avoiding Groupthink Essay The case study we are addressing this week involves how a team and Project Manager avoid Groupthink and its pitfalls. In order to understand what group think is you have to refer to Irving Janus who coined the phrase back in 1972. He related that Group Think is when a group makes a decision based on group pressure; it can lead to faulty decisions. Janus, 1972) Some of the symptoms that Irving Janus documented of group think are Illusion of invulnerability, Collective rationalization, Belief in inherent morality, Stereotyped views of out-groups, Direct pressure on dissenters, Self-censorship, Illusion of unanimity, and Self-appointed ‘mind guards’. (Janus, 1972) In our book, Making the Team: A Guide for Managers states that there are three (3) key symptoms that take root and they are Over Estimation of the Group, Closed Mindedness and Pressure towards Uniformity. These will be the 3 areas I am going to focus on. Over Estimation of the Group Now that we know what group think is we can move on to how a team and Project Manager might avoid the mistakes and downfalls of Group Think situations. (Thompson, 2008) When a team is falling into a group think methodology a Project Manager must be able to recognize the signs before any decisions are made and set in motion. If the group is making statements that start with we feel, we think, or we suspect it is a good indicator that they just don’t know or are just following along with the consensus of the group. Group think can cause problems when everyone goes with the flow especially on a wrong decision. In using group think methodology management has to weigh the pros and cons of the group’s decision from all sides. Sometimes a little more research prior to implementing a group think decisions should be done or a devil’s advocate should be assigned into the group think matrix in order to prevent team members from being led down a garden path. The one thing I have noticed when in a group think situation, the group always looks for someone to be the mouthpiece for the group, this person usually has strong leadership skills but can be short sited and very opinionated which rubs off on the group as a whole. Some team members tend to have difficulty explaining or relating what is on their mind in a group setting, they rather tell their ideas one on one because they are an introvert by nature! They would rather have the extrovert take charge and be the one who voices the opinions or decisions of the group. They tend to stay out of the lime light. Project Managers should encourage team members to bring out concerns or objections to issues that are being discussed and/or considered, he/she should not influence the team with his or her own preferences to the issue, he/she should play the devil’s advocate and guide conflict in a positive manner, the group should be allowed to be evaluated by other groups and critiqued in an unbiased manner, splitting the group into different sub groups to bring out and investigate different alternative solutions or methods that could be used, call meetings with the group to discuss and evaluate any decisions prior to instituting them and develop alternatives for each methodology prior to giving final approvals. (Thompson, 2008) A good Project Manager should keep his group focused on the project at hand, have weekly meetings to check progress of his team to ensure that discussions are being conducted that is giving the group the necessary conflict for them to evaluate potential risks and dangers involved with the decisions they are recommending. The Project Manager should make the team aware that they can bring up ideas or doubts about any issue without the fear of being ridiculed or rejected by other team members. The ultimate goal is for the Project Manager to make his team work as a team through having all members contributing their knowledge and skills in making the project a success.

Forensic Science Essay -- essays research papers

Forensic Science has contributed to our world a great deal. People often misunderstand Forensic Science and believe it is much more capable than it really is. As a matter of fact what you see on T.V. is around 80% false or over exaggerated in some way. To Start of, Criminal Investigation is the largest and most known form of Forensic Science. Some of the more known areas include; Fingerprinting, Ballistics, DNA Identification, Fiber Samples, Computer Animation, Documentation analysis, etc. To get this out of the way in the beginning, what you saw on last night’s law and order is far from the truth. Things they do in a matter of hours take months at a time, and most of the time aren’t even plausible concepts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fingerprinting information varies in numerous ways. Each person’s fingerprints are different in someway (Unique). The technical term is actually â€Å"DNA fingerprinting† because us as a person obviously cant just take a look at a fingerprint and see the difference; we must analyze the actual DNA behind it. Sometimes a miss concept of most people is, that fingerprints stay perfectly fresh for extended periods of time. Partial fingerprints and even degraded full fingerprints can turn up to be useless sometimes. Fingerprints are not admissible if they are 99.9% sure, they must be 100% or a Forensics lab will not support them. DNA Fingerprinting, and the fingerprints that are at the tips of your actual fingers are two different things. The ones we a...

Blue spider case study

Fellness Systems Engineering Principles: Blue Spider Case Study Name: Professor: Course Name: Subject: Date Due: Executive summary Parks Corporation is a firm involved in R & D business; the firm does projects on behalf of the Department of Defense. Over the years, Parks Corporation has transformed its focus from the R & D business to being involved in low cost production. The process of retrenching employees in the firm was as a result of the recession and this brought down the number of staff to 2200 down from 6700.The upturn in the spending habit of the Department of Defense in 1975 made the firm hanged its corporate strategy. The new strategy involved Parks improving its R & D staff in the engineering section. Considering the salaries which Parks was providing, there was limitation in terms of getting experienced engineers and hence they decided to employ the young who lacked experience. One of the recruits from college was Gary Anderson.Despite his lack of experience, Gary Ander son was a great production engineer and this resulted to his promotion to a senior scientist who was in Judge of the R & D activities conducted at the Mechanical Engineering department. In 1978, Parks made a decision to bid for the 1st phase of Blue Spider Project together with Lord Industries being the major contractor for the Spartan Program for the Army. This project was meant to ensure improved structural capabilities as well as the age life related to the short range of the tactical missile; the tactical missile was showing failure because of fatigue as it had been used in the field for 6 years.One of the conditions for the choice of the bid for subcontracting was based on the low bid with expertise in technical and also the management performance. Parks Corporation had a feeling that they had a unique advantage over TTS competitors since they had a previous experience in the Lord Industries projects. From the onset of this project, there was a problem which can be identified; this was that Gary Anderson was given the chance to be the head of project management due to his background in R & D; however, he lacks the experience vital in managing projects.It is worth noting that the technical background is not enough to ensure an effective project manager. In specific a number of problems can be identified as the project took off; one of the problems is the informal way of starting the project was en and there was no particular guidelines, the proposal for the project was done in unethical manner, Parks Corporation seem to have issues in its behavior, problems in the operational process as well as problems in the organization's architecture/ relations which was not clearly defined and also followed.Project management often includes 9 specific areas of integration, management scope, time management, the cost management, the quality management, the human resource management, the communications management, the risk management as well as procurement management al l of which lacked in the Blue spider project. Table of Contents Table of figures 1.Introduction 1. 1 Summary of the Case study Blue Spider Case study represents a case where systems engineering principles failed; this case represents one of the failed projects as the head of the project team lacked the experience to manage projects and hence failure to use the systems engineering principles.Among the major events in the case study are Gary Anderson accepting the position of the project manager; the DoD have asked Lord Industries through a contract to improve the operation of Spartan program; on November 3, 1977, Blue Spider project kicks off. The events in Blue Spider case are done in a quick manner in that there are a number of problems which arise right from the begging of the project because of the poor planning of the major events in the project.Amongst the results of the events is the poor communication in the various departments due to the overburden that is caused by Gary And erson; communication breakdown both internal as well as the departments which are associated with the project; the changes in the project are not well talked in advance. Despite the project going ahead, Lord industries accept the work of Parks Corporation reluctantly because of aviations from the requirements of the client due to changes in information and also implementation of the requirements. . 2 Objectives of the Report The aim of this report is to tie the systems engineering principles to the Blue Spider Case study. 1. 3 Organizational structure of Parks Corporation Figure : Parks Organizational Structure (sage & Rouse, 2011 : 80) 1. 4 SOOT Analysis of Blue Spider Project The current situation of the project is that it is influenced by a number of weakness as well as the strengths. Amongst the weakness of the Blue spider Project is thatAnderson was so much concerned with R & D works and also the administrative issues without creating any balance between them; there was a probl em in the financial planning; the project lacked a standby schedule which would have been important in the event that the formal was affected by certain changes; there was poor communication with the Lord since the start of the project which resulted to more costs on communication; additionally, it was not possible for Gary to find Gable the time when he need some form of assistance; however, Gable would intervene in the midst of the project a number of times without the knowledge of Gary that exulted to more issues in the project management; some of the issues included rescheduling of the project or redoing some works during the last times. On the other hand, there is lack of leadership skills demonstrated throughout this project. Both Gary Anderson and also Henry Gable show lack of leadership skills in the various tasks which they are involved in doing the work, poor delegation skills as well as lack of team effectiveness.Despite the weakness of this project, it is important to no te that the project had enough backing from the top executives and directors. It is to often easier to find a project which has enough backing from the management just like Blue Spider Project, the level of attention given to the project was high, and there were enough resources for the project which came from the functional team. Some of the projects in project management have failed simply because of lack of backing and also priority which has resulted to issues. 1. 5 Definition of the requirements The requirements of a customer as well as the constraints of a project constitute the input to a process. The requirements of a process are directly related to the performance metrics of a system that is being designed.The requirements often tell more about the needs of a customer in the system as well as the needs for the given system and they show clearly how the system is likely to work in the given environment. On the other hand, the constraints are some of the conditions which exis t in a system due to the effect of the external interfaces, the support of the project or the life cycle systems. The constraints affect the opportunities of the design team in achieving their objectives. The major focus of the system engineering is changing the requirements into design (Grammar et al 2011:77). The requirements or the Spartan program was that the technical specifications needed all the components to operate in a normal way and successfully in a temperature range of -65 degree F to a temperature of 145 degrees F.At the current time, the design of Parks Corporation was not able to operate over 130 degrees F. Despite this, one of the major constraints in the requirements was that the preliminary design material would not be operated over 130 degrees and this indicates that Gary Anderson and his technical team would not meet the set objectives. The requirements of a customer are very important in any design process; this is because they define the expectations of the cu stomer, the environment, the measures of effectiveness as well as the suitability of the system requirements. According to O'Leary, et al 2012:562), the process of defining the requirements of a system provides the initial step in the development of a system.However, in the Blue Spider case study, this is not given any meaningful importance with Gary Anderson and also Henry Gable conversing on the possible ways of changing the design material so that it would seem that they have followed the requirements of the customer. Henry Gable indicates that their reports would indicate that the design would be operative up to 155 degrees F so that the customer would be pleased something which was never true. This indicates that they both have failed to observe care in design process; this is likely to result to problems as this is likely to surface in the later stages of the life cycle of the Spartan program which will mean spending more time and also money in fixing these issues (Chandler et al 2011:375).From system design, specification requirements and testing, all were not done in the right manner with unethical behavior seen in in much of the design process. Figure 1, indicates the various requirements in a system, clearly the requirements are established within a system in order to ensure accuracy and also completeness. Serener (2013: 208) asserts that, it is always not easy to establish good requirements for a system since it needs effective communication and technical skills; the head of Spartan program Gary Enders on lacks the technical expertise to lead the project the reason why the start of the project faces a number of challenges with the requirements not done in the right manner and this made the implementation of the project to seem mixed up.Lack of ethical requirements are common in the project with Henry Gable stating that they can improvise the materials in order for the Spartan program to read 155 degrees F which is not the case as the customer would not know the improvises which the technical team would have done. 2. SE Management 2. 1 System engineering process According to Chandler et al (2011 :376), to ensure that a system is well engineered, it is important to conduct its development process in an orderly manner. Well-defined systems engineering process makes it possible to develop a system. However, for the gig projects, which involve a team, it is important to have a good systems engineering process (Coleman et al 2013:176). This is seen as guidance by the project participants to know the direction of the project and how they are going to achieve the objectives of a system.There is a common agreement amongst the engineers on the main steps in the software process. In figure 3, this is indicated, the initial steps indicate the process of solving a problem in feasibility study, the fourth step is defined as being post-development phase and this is the stage where the project is deployed to he users, where maintenance is don e and also improved to ensure that it meets the ever changing requirements. The initial steps of the process are often termed as being â€Å"what and how' in the software development while the â€Å"analyses and specify' step evaluates the problem which is to be solved while the â€Å"design and implement† provides information on how the problem is to be solved (SГ ¶Darlene 2011 :155).Figure : Systems engineering process Spartan program development process failed to pass through the right stages with several system engineering requirements not available in the different stages of the velveteen of Spartan program; this is vital so as to effectively achieve the customer requirements. The requirements of the customer were that the technical specification components were to operate in the normal way and in a successful manner through the temperature range of -65 degrees F to 145 degrees F. The analysis of the current system indicates that the design by Park Corporation is not likely to function at a temperature which is above 130 degrees F.Additionally, the requirements of the Spartan program were not well stated early on during the initial stages of the project; this explains the reason why the project is running into robbers at the early stages. One of the problems of the project is cost which should be defined and the budget of all the expenses prepared at the analysis stage when the problem is being defined to avoid any further expenses on the way which were not budgeted for. Gary Anderson should be the one who should be answerable to any of the problems which the projects runs into since he is the project manager; his lack of experience in handling projects is affecting the smooth flow of this project. 2. Development process Young (2013:113) states that development process indicates the procedure for evolving the various parts of a project; this helps the various persons involved in the project to identify the different issues early on in the p roject before the occurrence of bigger problems which would alter the smooth running of the project. The development process is vital in a project as it helps to guide a project which does not have well defined goals and objectives which the customers are unable to define on their own. Morris and Considered (2011:68) argue that development process of a project provides a way of getting feedback instead of planning as their main control mechanism. The feedback is as a result of more and more regular tests and also the releases related to the evolving software.In Blue Spider case study, the development process has failed and there are no consultations with the various departments in the preparation of the project proposal as well as consultation with the customer on their requirements. Although the customer's requirements for the Spartan Program are not followed and intentionally altered so as to suit how both Gary Anderson and Henry Gable want it to be; this is attributed to lack of technical expertise in the development process as well as unethical business behavior. . 3 Life cycle integration Frangipani (2011:390) states that, life cycle integration is the process of bringing together the existing systems as well as the new technologies to form a new system that performs more tasks provide more and improved performance as well as ensuring that they enhance the existing systems.According to Cravings (2011 :465), life cycle integration is seen as a way of using new as well as the expanded performance requirements in the most effective manner and also a timely manner during the design, the procurement, and installation and also in the operational infatuation that has specific modules where each of them may have some form of limitations and constraints. One of the major aims of the Blue Spider project was to ensure improved structural capabilities related to the Spartan missile which is a tactical missile made sue by the army. The missile was showing some form of fatigue in terms of failure after spending over six years in the field. The needs of the customer here were that they needed the new materials, which would last for longer for the Spartan missile.By providing new materials the new program would last for Eng and ensure improved performance and also making the present Spartan missile more effective. This is one of the major purposes of the life cycle integration where improving the present system is of utmost importance to the army (Marques et al 2011:1058). 3. Program Life cycle 3. 1 Generic Business Life cycle According to Fiction & Skimmer (2012:309), the increased importance of transition to a greater and sustainable economy presents one of the most challenging aspects of the society. While the evidence where developing a highly sustainable business model is related to great profits, it is a problem to majority of the conventional manufacturers.Because of this, firms are supposed to search for ways to improve the business models and in the process become more sustainable. Parks Corporation is always committed to developing new strategies so as to keep up with the changes in the market. The firm has performance criteria where the best and employees are promoted; the reason for Gary Andersen's promotion is because the firm is committed to developing a sustainable business model. Park Corp.. Seems to make use of the product-service system in order to relate to particular life cycle stage in the development of a project. The business model in Park Corp.. Involves marketing, he software engineering process, design, production and operation.Through marketing, Park corp.. Has been identified as one of the most successful firms in software engineering the reason why the Department of Defense (DoD) had several contracts with the firm. Stark (2011:10) notes that, software engineering is the next stage in the business life cycle with the firm making sure that the right project manager is in place to guide the developm ent of a project. Gary Anderson was chosen as the project manager who was to oversee the completion of the Spartan program; Gary was to oversee the design of the project, production as well as operation. 3. 2 Simulation of DoD acquisition policy Diagram 4. System engineering product 4. System Requirement review According to Blanchard (2012:66) the system requirements review is done after the end of the functional analysis as well as the preliminary requirements allocation to the hardware configuration items, the computer software configuration items, the facility configuration items as well as the personnel so as to determine the objective and progress related to the system engineering management. The items to be reviewed include the mission and requirement analysis, the human factor analysis, he mission and requirement analysis, the functional factor analysis, the program risk analysis and also specification development (Shall et al 2011: 556). Kiss-off et al (2011:98) state that, the requirements of a system fall in different categories.The customer requirement provide the statements or the facts as well as what the customer expects from the system in relation to achieving its set objectives, its effectiveness and also the suitability. One of the major requirements of the DoD contract was that the Spartan program was to operate normally and successfully on a temperature of -65 degrees F to 145 degrees F. However, the present design of the system indicated that the program would not function above 130 degrees F and this indicates that the objectives of the customer are to have the program operate at a temperature above 130 degree F. Despite the customer requirements stated clearly, the management in their proposal have developed a different system requirements which does not suite what the DoD want.Gary and Henry Gable intentionally meet to discuss the inability of the preliminary design material being operated above 130 degrees F as the customer want but the n because of lack of effective system acquirement analysis and accomplishment of the mission; they think of changing the design material or incorporate new materials and this problem has come as a result of poor system requirement review (Shall et al 2011 : 558). Another important factor in successful completion of a system is the human factor analysis. Stanton & Walker 2013:721) notes that despite the increase in technology, human factors are still vital to the success of a project. Thus effective interaction of human beings in the development of a project not only reduces the risk of project failure but also ensures hat the objectives of the customer have been met.Additionally, the use of human factors ensures improved safety, increased reliability as well as efficiency of the system. Despite the increased importance of human factors in a project, there seem to be a challenge in the Blue Spider project because of lack of human factors. The process of bidding never followed staffin g; one of the reasons provided is because Parks Corporation refused to give out its staff for the project; the engineering managers were not cooperative in giving out their key people towards the Blue Spider program. Human factors are important and should not be underestimated in successful project completion (Shall et al 2011: 558). Additionally, milestone is vital in the project completion (Adamant 2011:216).This state the important dates in a system which the client need to be updated on the progress of the system should be considered so as to ensure that the customer's requirements are well reviewed as the system keeps on being developed. Blue Spider project has successfully completed the first milestone of the project; the second milestone is scheduled to be after 180 days where acceptance of the raw materials and also the production runs ere considered; milestone is prepared in a way to avoid overlapping of activities in a system preparation something which Gary Anderson and h is team have done effectively in terms avoiding an overlap of the lab development and also the full scale production. 5.System engineering core process Schemas et al (2011:76) asserts that the system engineering major processes are developed so as to provide support to the people that are required to implement the systems engineering methodology. The core processes follow the following steps: provide an analysis, decomposition as well as allocation of the system requirements; litigation of the requirements of a system and management are important so as to ensure that the customer requirements have been met. Gary and Henry are making up important follow ups regarding the specifications of the system; despite the fact that Henry is imposing his own strategy in the initial phases of the program; the test matrix does seem to be a failure as the raw materials which the test result indicate do not seem to coincide with the particular specification requirements by the customer.This means t hat analysis of the requirements of the Spartan program is aced by ethical challenges as Henry is stating that the customer would not be aware of the trouble changes which they are about to make regarding the specification requirements for the program. Next is definition of the system behavior where the system's functionality as well as its operations is the major specifications at this stage. The functionality of Spartan program is well stated in the proposal by Gary team as well as the customer specification needs which is meant to improve the structural capabilities and also the age life related to the short range tactical missile.According to Apparel et al (2011 :120), the definition of the system architecture is important in the system engineering process; this includes defining the internal and external interfaces; the subsystems and the components of the system; although the specification of this contract by the customer (Army) was that the Spartan program missile was to be i mproved its structural capabilities; the project team led by Gary failed to define the system architecture of the project in their proposal to the Lord industries; the reason for this can be articulated to the inexperienced project anger who has not handled similar projects in the past and therefore thinks that projects can be done without even specifying their system components and subsystems.Marques et al (2011:1060) notes that, the most important systems engineering functions include operations concept development, architecture and the design development as well as identification of the requirements and management; however, these functions as well as the final products depend on one another. According to O'Leary, et al (2012:562), the system engineering functions, the validation, the prediction on performance, the analysis and trade off are important in optimization and development of a total system. In the system engineering life cycle, there is more refinement of the system req uirements, the design as well as the operations concept in the lower levels to a point where the design has been realized. After that verification and validation of the system requirements is done and also planning for the events and resources.Verification of the system requirements is done by both Henry Gable and Gary Anderson; however, their verification does not provide any importance to the success of this project as the customer requirements re ignored, making them to think of ways of devising the performance of the Spartan program missile to operate at a temperature of 130 degrees F. The events and also resources in Blue Spider project have not been planned well; despite that the project does not meet the planned milestone and this is because of the inexperience of Gary Anderson as he is left to do most of the work by himself to beat the deadline; the case indicates that Gary did not want to overburden the staff with the responsibility of the handouts and because of this he di d this by himself, the reason why the reject does not have enough resources is because of lack of planning for the events and resources and hence putting in place the necessary budget for the same and this has resulted to cost overrun.The system engineering is important so as to handle the challenges which the system engineers face during system development (Meredith & Mantel 2011:155). 6. System engineering process implementation 6. 1 Events where System Engineering was needed According to Apparel (2011 :130), the use of different engineering tools as well as the safety analysis tools is important during the design process. This is important as it ivies the designers an opportunity to identify the dangers in the early stages of the design process and this is the place when they are easily worked on. The use of system engineering would be possible in the analysis of customer requirements; this will translate the requirements if the customer into both functional and also the design p arameters.Both Gary Anderson and Henry Gable are contemplating on how to fix the materials so as to ensure that the Spartan program is operating at a temperature above 130 degrees F; something which the matrix test failed to produce the required raw materials. Additionally, functional requirements of the Spartan program are not identified early on at the start of the system planning, design and also the development phases; the result is failure to meet the system milestone. The important safety system requirements were not included in the Spartan program including the system-level safety analysis. 6. 2 Consequence of lack of system engineering Lack of system engineering in the Blue Spider project has resulted to a number of challenges in the development and completion of the project.Key stages have been omitted and this has affected the achievement of customer requirements; the customer has complained about the materials included in the proposal which seem to contract with their req uirement on how the system should be and how it should operate. It is worth to note that systems engineering is often implemented by coordination in the design engineering, effective architecture development as well as the design which are able to ensure that they meet the needs of the customer. Gary and Henry are unable to satisfy the needs of the customer in the Blue Spider project because they failed to in the use of system engineering principles during the design s well as systems requirement specification.Blue Spider project headed by Gary Anderson has failed in the systems engineering as well as in the operations concept which failed to reflect the objectives of the Spartan program customer (the Army) as well as failing to schedule the project within the set budget. 6. 3 How to Implement Systems Engineering One of the objectives of systems engineering implementation is the full-integrated development as well as making products, which meet the needs of the customer within speci fied cost, schedule and also the risk constraints (Apparel et al 2011 :152). Therefore, this implies that a project needs to give a structured process for effective integration and link the requirements well, the schedule, the decision milestone and also validation and verification.However, this is not the case in Blue Spider project as the project team lacks the needed cooperation to ensure that the implementation objectives are met as well as the systems engineering process. Gary Anderson is forced to do majority of the scheduled tasks in order to avoid expenses, which would mean that the project would not meet the set budget and hence the implementation of the system was a problem. Not all the departments are involved in the various phases of the project; the project team often needs to work on a â€Å"single, integrated set of requirements and also process† which mean that the integration of the system requirements and also the design stages will reduce the cost; a challe nge being faced by Gary Anderson as the project cost is going high.Additionally, effective implementation means that it is vital to lower the unplanned as well as the cost of reengineering that is important in solving the â€Å"omissions and challenges in integration†. 6. 4 Events where Systems Engineering were present Despite the challenges which the Gary Anderson and Henry Gable faced in the Blue Spider project, the use of systems engineering were present in the formation management of the software development project more so in the planning of the project, estimating the cost (budget), formation of the project team, allocation of work for the members of the team, the work schedule plan, reviewing of the progress of the project and also reporting the project's milestone.All these activities used the system engineering concept despite a few challenges. 6. 5 Benefits Davenport (2013:118), states that, systems engineering is important as it ensures that reduces which match the challenges of the global market are produced; it is clear that customers need a higher range of products and the choice which need that firms are supposed to produce products which match the customer needs; thus systems engineering helps firms to ensure that this objective is achieved. Systems engineering provides a way of ensuring that customer objectives are achieved and also the best way of achieving the market leadership by producing the best products in the market with good quality. 6. Comparison It is clear from the case study that concepts of design principles, specification acquirement, and risk management never made use of the system engineering principles, the reason why Gary Anderson and Henry Gable are faced with challenges of meeting the customer needs. 7. Systems Engineering Planning 7. 1 Project management Plan Marques and Laura (2011:1061) states that, project management plan involves organization, the relationship involved in reporting, the decision process as well as the role of the management committee in ensuring the success of the project. It shows the amount of time which the project manager is likely to spend in the project management. Therefore, the project team members should be written down as well as the details of the contact and any changes communicated to the program manager; the project need to state whether there is any need for training.Gary Anderson is involved in majority of the work the reason why most of the plans are behind schedule. The decision by Gary to lower the costs through accepting to work on the bill of materials by himself indicates that there is lack of project management plan for the project; scheduling and making sure that all activities are accomplished thin the stipulated time is important to effectiveness of system engineering. 7. 3 System engineering plan According to Adamant et al (2011 :21 5), System engineering plan is a major activity that has an effect on the acquisition planning decision and as a r esult develops important methods which will be effective in achieving the objectives of acquisition.This is important in the systems management in assuring of the technical activities' identification and their management; ensure that the technical approach in the development team has been communicated, ensure that there is technical implementation and that decisions have been documented and finally help in establishing the benchmark of system development which is vital in meeting the needs of the customer and that of the systems engineering as well. Systems engineering plan has been followed in the Spartan program development; plans are put in place as Gary Anderson is appointed as the project manager with various persons involved in the development team; however, this is not done to satisfactory and this is because of lack of proper system engineering plan, the engineering integration distances themselves on the preparation of the bill of materials because

Mpare and Contrast the Way in Which Heaney

Blackberry Picking by Seamus Heaney and Stealing Peas by Gillian Clarke both approach passion and disappointment in life by describing childhood experience. They explore love and regret through the description of childhood and nature; Blackberry Picking through the explicit meaning of picking blackberries but them decomposing, and Stealing Peas through the explicit meaning of children stealing peas from pea rows in a field in the day, but later on with a girl asking a boy a question and her being given a disappointing and seemingly unexpected answer. Both Blackberry Picking by Seamus Heaney and Stealing Peas by Gillian Clarke are similar in subject; they both are poems about sad or unfortunate childhood events that have perhaps lingered in both of the poets’ memories. â€Å"Blackberry Picking† uses nature as a basis for the narrative. Heaney writes about his childhood experiences; picking berries in â€Å"late august†. Heaney and Clarke both create strong feelings in their poems. In â€Å"Blackberry Picking†, Heaney conveys a sense of lust and greed for the berries: â€Å"We hoarded the fresh berries†, but that afterwards the berries fermented and grew sour: â€Å"The fruit fermented†. Alternatively, Heaney could also be describing the excitement and joy people feel at the beginning of relationships and how it can deteriorate into something that is bitter and rotten. Heaney does this by describing how a fungus grows upon the berries that they had picked, making the â€Å"sweet flesh† of the berries turn sour. Similarly, in â€Å"Stealing Peas†, Gillian Clarke also uses nature as a basis for the narrative when she writes about two teenage lovers crawling in pea rows, stealing the peas and eating them. They crawl in the pea rows, slid the peas down their tongues. The girl asks, â€Å"Who d’you like best? and he replies with â€Å"You’re prettier. She’s funnier. † She writes, â€Å"I wish I hadn’t asked† indicating she regrets having asked. The implicit meaning of â€Å"Stealing Peas† is that a boy and a girl go to a field and have sex in the pea rows: â€Å"We crawled†, â€Å"slit the skins†, â€Å"with bitten nails†, â€Å"chutes of our tongues†-these each help to heighten the air of sexual tension in the second stanza, with the crawling as a way of remaining undetected; showing that what they are doing is perhaps forbidden and could get them in trouble, and this observation is reaffirmed by the mentioning of â€Å"stolen green light†. The use of the word â€Å"stolen† symbolises the loss of virginity or innocence, whilst the â€Å"green† showing the go ahead. The poet also describes how a â€Å"parky† shouted at a â€Å"child we could not see† which could either simply be another child in the field, or a child growing inside the girl- she has become pregnant, or lost her innocence. Heaney and Clarke both create strong feelings in their poems. In â€Å"Blackberry Picking†, Heaney conveys a sense of lust and greed for the berries using images of the children hurriedly filling cans with the berries, and by using words such as â€Å"ripen†, â€Å"flesh†, and â€Å"sticky†. These words have very sensual connotations and give the reader the impression that the poet was experiencing feelings of lust and greed at the time, and that the acts are forbidden. Heaney is also personifying the berries by referring to the â€Å"flesh† of the berries; perhaps showing that he felt feelings towards them that you would feel towards a person. Heaney and Clarkes’ poems are, to an extent, different in their form and layout. And though they both appear different, the poems are both similar in that they both focus more on the positive experiences, rather than the negative. â€Å"Blackberry Picking† is structured into two distinct stanzas with a sharp contrast between them. Heaney writes of the picking of the berries in the first stanza, introduces sexual themes, uses aural devices, and utilises similes and metaphors to create strong imagery. In the second stanza, he then moves on to talk about the how the berries are ruined- a â€Å"rat-grey† fungus, â€Å"glutting† on their â€Å"cache†. There is a notable difference between the two stanzas of â€Å"Blackberry Picking†. The first stanza is very long, describing the joy of the children as they go out collecting berries, but the second stanza, where Heaney talks about the fungus, is considerably shorter- it seems that Heaney is recalling the good part of the memory fondly, whilst quickly brushing over the bad. Unlike â€Å"Blackberry Picking†, Clarke has structured â€Å"Stealing Peas† into four stanzas. In the first stanza, Clarke sets the scene for the poem by describing the tide â€Å"far out†, the â€Å"warm evening† voices and the park â€Å"clipped privet†. In the second stanza the poet describes a boy, mentioning that he wore a â€Å"blue† shirt with an â€Å"Aertex† logo, and more sexual language is introduced: â€Å"filthy with syrups†, â€Å"grime of the town park†, â€Å"tendrils of my hair†. Filthy and grime suggesting the sensual, dirty, and perhaps forbidden acts that they are doing. There also is a notable difference between the four different stanzas of â€Å"Stealing Peas† in terms of length. The first stanza is very short, showing that Clarke is choosing not to remember her surroundings at the time so strongly, while the second stanza is much longer, indicating that the time spent with this boy, crawling in the pea rows together, meant more to her than any other part of the day, and that she herself has selected this part of the memory to stand out more vividly than any other. The third stanza is noticeably shorter, with her asking him â€Å"Who d’you like best? † The use of sound is important in both poems, and both poets use it to great effect. Techniques such as alliteration, onomatopoeia, and rhyme- the words â€Å"purple clot† and â€Å"hard as a knot†, â€Å"smelt of rot† and â€Å"knew they would not† in â€Å"Blackberry Picking†, are all strategically used to evoke images and create sounds by Heaney and Clarke. In â€Å"Blackberry Picking†, the use the letter p in â€Å"pricks, our palms† is short and sharp to emphasise the sharpness of the pricks from the blackberry thorns, b in â€Å"bleached our boots† and â€Å"berries in the byre† is very bubbly and bouncy, reflecting the children’s emotions as they set out on a journey of exploration, whilst the use of f in â€Å"filled we found fur† is also soft sounding- creeping in, similar to how the Heaney talks about how the â€Å"rat-grey fungus† seeps in and ruins the blackberries. Clarke also uses aural devices; alliteration with the use of the letter s in â€Å"slit the skins†, helping the reader to visualise the sounds created when the children, crawling through the rows, and stealing the pea pods, slit the skins open. The â€Å"s†, when said aloud, is a soft sound, but in the context of the stanza, creates a more sinister, hissing sound, as though the skins are being hastily ripped open in lust. Again, the use of the letter s in â€Å"slid the peas† helps the reader visualize– almost hear, the youths sliding the peas down the â€Å"chutes† of their tongues. Lastly, the use of onomatopoeia in â€Å"a lawn-mower murmured†, creates a very sexual feeling- perhaps from the boy, towards the girl. In conclusion, it can be seen that the two poems are alike in many ways such as they both recount childhood experiences that the poets regretted. What I found interesting was how Heaney and Clarke wrote the poems, spending more time describing the good experiences, rather than the unfortunate– in a way suggesting that the poets have selectively recorded these events in their minds.

samesex marriages essays

samesex marriages essays Should Homosexuals Have the Right To Be Legally Married? The question of whether or not homosexuals should have the right to be legally married is as absurd as asking whether or not heterosexuals should have this legal right. People are People. Love is love. Two people who are in love should be able to marry each other. Not allowing homosexuals to marry goes against the constitutional guarantees of equal protection and due process. It is denying these people basic civil rights which have already been granted to racial and ethnic minorities. In 1967, Loving Vs. Virginia ruled that laws prohibiting interracial marriages were unconstitutional and discriminatory (West Vol 5, 139). Though not racially discriminatory, laws prohibiting same-sex marriages are sexual discrimination. This is especially true when scientfic evidence suggests that most people are born with their sexual orientation predetermined (Simpson). Many same-sex couples consider themselves to be married in all intents and purposes anyway. The only thing lacking is the legal recognition by the government. This, however, is an important thing to be lacking because it results in the loss of health care benefits, inheritances, property rights, and tax benefits (West Vol 6, 94). Thus, these couples are being denied the equal protection of laws. The state of Vermont has already recently recognized this by now allowing same-sex partners to be joined in a civil-union, which offers almost the same benefits of a marriage (Sneyd). This is a monumental step towards equality. Other states should be following Vermonts example and stopping the unconstitutional discrimination these laws impose, especially when studies show that at least 53% of the population believes gay partners should have some of the leglal rights of married couples (Simpson). This problem has raised issues concerning the definition of words like family and &apo...

1993 Dbq About New England and Chesapeake Region Essays

1993 Dbq About New England and Chesapeake Region Essays 1993 Dbq About New England and Chesapeake Region Essay 1993 Dbq About New England and Chesapeake Region Essay After they defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588, the English began to explore and colonize the New World. By the 1600s, the English occupied the eastern part of the New World. As reformations and revolutions went on in England, different types of people immigrated to different parts of the New World. Two distinct regions, New England and the Chesapeake region, grew to be different in economy, social and family life, and religious beliefs. The two different way of life created two settlements that contrasted and complemented each other. Though the differences between the settlements of New England and Chesapeake region are many, they are largely due to the different style of life and desires, such as economic and religious freedom, that led the people to leave England. The economy between the New England region and the Chesapeake region were far apart from each other. The Southern region of the New World was known for agriculture because of the rich and fertile soil. In 1611, John Rolfe perfected a way to grow tobacco without the bitter tang and it became a cash crop instantly. Farmers were attracted to the money that was made from growing and selling tobacco. Workers were needed to work for the farmers and since slaves were expensive they were not used until after the 1700s. Instead, indentured servants were often brought over to work the farms. New England was a rocky and hilly area with poor soil and the climate was not suitable for agriculture. Merchants, craftsmen, and fishers were common to the area and trading was important because Boston was a main port harbor. As read in â€Å"Articles of Agreement† (Springfield, Massachusetts, 1636), plantations in New England consisted of merely forty families which was nothing compared to southern plantations. In History of Virginia, John Smith said, â€Å"The worst [among us were the gold seekers who]with their golden promises made†¦there was no talk†¦but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold. † Gold was a big attraction for people in the south and the obsession grew over time amongst them. Emigrants that were in the North focused less on gold seeking and more on family management and trade management. Different types of economies also resulted in different family and social life between the two regions. In â€Å"Ship’s List of Emigrants Bound for New England† by John Porter, the emigrants traveled to New England with their family members and some brought along their servants. During the 1600s, because of short lifespan, women gave birth to several children leading to large families moving to New England. On the contrary, in â€Å"Ship’s List of Emigrants Bound for Virginia† shows that the majority of people that immigrated to Virginia consisted of men; very few women traveled to Virginia. With fewer women, the population remained small in the South. Family life was more important to the North because of the large Puritan settlement in Massachusetts. On the other hand, due to the large male population in the Chesapeake region, agriculture business was more important than keeping a family together. In addition, the South had many diseases such as malaria, dysentery, and typhoid fever which caused a decrease in members in the Virginia area. Reasons for a large male population in the Chesapeake region also include the laws of primogeniture, which stated that only the eldest son of a family was allowed to inherit land, which left the younger sons helpless. The North was much keener on education than the South due to trading and businesses. In 1636, Puritans founded Harvard College in Massachusetts, which still stands as a highly prestigious college today. Education was more valued in the North while the South home-schooled their children and taught them how to run plantations. Though the College of William and Mary of Virginia was founded in 1693, it remained that plantation and agriculture maintenance was deemed more important. Due to the religious nature of the Puritans, education was valued so that children can read the Bible. Religious freedom was greatly desired by Puritans and one of the main reasons for immigration. Puritans believed that the church should only accept â€Å"visible saints† and because King Charles I accepted all of his subjects, they left England for Massachusetts. John Winthrop wrote: â€Å"We must be knit together in this work as one man†¦We must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us†¦if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us,† in A Model of Christian Charity. Winthrop believed that his followers should stay together in unity and to always remember their religion and to follow it well. Puritans entered the Massachusetts area, ready to pursue religious freedom from the Church. On the other hand, the Chesapeake region consisted of Protestants who followed the Church of England. However, following religion did not become as important to the Protestants until the 1700s. In History of Virginia by Captain John Smith, he mentioned that Smith had to kill one of the captains to stop the settlers from going back to England as the settlers were being unruly. Without unity, the Chesapeake region was hard to maintain order, but the unity between the Puritans was bound by religion and their desire to practice it. In 1643, The New England Confederation, a military alliance, was created between the Massachusetts Bay Colony, New Haven, Connecticut, and Plymouth as a step towards colonial unity. In â€Å"Governor Berkeley and His Council on Their Inability to Defend Virginia Against a Dutch Attack, December 1673†, William Berkeley complained of how settlers in the South were weak and unable to protect themselves. They had no order, hence no unity, and without unity between the emigrants, the society would have problems such as being unable to protect against potential threats. The economy, the social and family life, and the religious beliefs set the New England and the Chesapeake region apart. Though there are specific reasons and events that set these two settlements apart, the key component that influenced the two diverse environments was desire. The people of England migrated because England was not providing for them what they needed or wanted. The New World represented freedom in all aspects of life. Nonetheless, these two settlements, as different as they were, formed the foundation of America. Even today, most of America’s agricultural needs are focused in the South while businesses and trading is in the North.

Exploring the Components Found in the Ideal Classroom

Exploring the Components Found in the Ideal Classroom Perfection is often elusive, but good teachers continuously strive to obtain it. The classroom is the epicenter of teaching and learning. Throughout the school year, the four walls of a classroom encapsulate life-changing interactions between the teacher and their students. A classroom typically takes on the  personality of the teacher. Though similarities are prevalent in every classroom, no two classrooms are exactly the same. 35 Components of an Ideal Classroom Every teacher will have a slightly different version of the ideal classroom, but common elements do exist. It is in these commonalities that you often find a true representation of characteristics found in the ideal classroom. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is student-centered meaning that the teacher is the facilitator of learning built on student interests and abilities. The teacher rarely lectures or uses worksheets, but instead provides students with engaging, authentic learning opportunities.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is a display center for student made learning posters, artwork, and other exemplary work.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is well organized so that teachers and students can utilize the resources in the room quickly and efficiently.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides students with a safe zone where they feel comfortable and can temporarily escape any problems they are dealing with at home.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has structure or a specified set of procedures and expectations that everyone follows.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has a teacher who always addresses their students in a positive manner. They treat their s tudents fairly and maintain the dignity of the student when addressing discipline issues.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has an open door policy where parents and community members are encouraged to participate actively in daily activities and lessons. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..embraces technology and regularly integrates aspects of technology into lessons.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides regular authentic learning opportunities where active, hands-on learning is a standard classroom practice.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is one where teachable moments are embraced. The teacher realizes that value learning opportunities exist beyond simple rote learning and takes advantage of those opportunities.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.embraces modeling and independent practice as a critical learning tool. The teacher models new skills and then allows students to practice these newly acquired skills independently.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.allows students to work cooperatively on learning projects. Students are taught to create a plan, assign tasks, and then to bring everything together to complete the project.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has a teacher who is not afraid to experiment. They are continuously searching for ideas to boost learning and regularly tweaks previously used lessons to meet the needs of their current students. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.incorporates a variety of proven instructional strategies throughout the school year. The teacher exposes students to a wide range of strategies so that multiple learning styles are addressed on a regular basis.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is one where respect is a core value. Teachers and students understand that respect is a two-way street. Everyone is respectful of others thoughts and feelings.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is amicable. Students and teachers may disagree from time to time, but they respect each other’s opinions and listen to the other side without passing judgment.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.embraces accountability. Students are taught self-discipline and hold each other accountable when they make a mistake. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.embraces individual diversity and differences. Students are not only taught to value differences but that all individuals bring real val ue to the classroom because they are different.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is not limited to the four walls of the classroom. The same principles applied in the classroom are extended to all areas of the school as well as all school activities. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.encourages all students to participate actively in every learning activity. Each student brings value to the learning process and thus are expected to pull their weight in each and every activity.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is content driven meaning that students are minimally taught the concepts and requirements per grade level and subject area.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is data-driven. The teacher pulls data from multiple sources to paint an accurate portrait of individual student needs. The teacher then creates individualized learning opportunities to meet the specific needs of each student in their class.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides sequential learning opportunities allowing students to connect new learning experiences to prior learning experiences. It also allows students to begin to look forward to learning that is on the horizon.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.allows students to t ap into individual talents and creativity. Students are encouraged to individualize learning projects by putting their own unique or creative spin on them. The ideal classroom............is built on high expectations.   No one is allowed just to get by. The teacher and students expect maximum effort and participation in every class activity.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is one that students look forward to going to. They anticipate new learning opportunities and look forward to seeing the adventure that each day brings.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is made up of fewer than eighteen students, but more than ten students.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.teaches students more than what is required. Students are taught valuable life lessons and skills. They are encouraged to begin to establish a plan for their future.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides students with clear and concise directions in both verbal and written form. Students are given an opportunity to ask questions before, during, and after a task for clarification.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..has an ongoing, collaborativ e and engaging dialog where students share their expertise and experiences on the topic at hand. Teachers are facilitators who guide the discussion, but who ensure students are engaged throughout the discussion. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has plenty of educational resources including up-to-date textbooks, supplemental learning tools, technology, and a comprehensive classroom library.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides every student with one-on-one instruction on a daily basis to meet individualized learning needs.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has a teacher who makes adjustments as needed. The teacher takes the time to re-teach concepts when necessary and recognizes when individual students are struggling and provides them with extra assistance when needed.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is full of students focused on learning. They are goal oriented and refuse to be a distraction for their classmates. They love learning and realize that a good education is a means to an end.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..prepares students for the future. Students not only advance to the next grade level but do so with the tools and abilities to be su ccessful.

Quantitative and Qualitative research (Dose clothes price influence Paper

Quantitative and Qualitative (Dose clothes price influence Cambridge EF student to purchase) - Research Paper Example Stating precisely, as per the recent trend, the clothing price is getting cheaper than the previous trends. Correspondingly, in order to examine this notion, the students from the EF studies of Cambridge region will be observed in this study as subjects to answer the question as to whether they are being influenced by the clothing price. The prime objective of the study is to analyse the recent prices of clothes in the area of Cambridge region in contrast with the trend observed around the globe. Besides, the study will also evaluate the extent to which, the recent clothing price has been affecting the purchasing power of EF students from the Cambridge region, based on the hypothesis developed below. In the recent scenario, dressing style has become an important matter for the young generation, which is considered as a mechanism of imprinting one’s personality and superiority from their counterparts in the society. Observably, a large number of clothing or textiles companies have been paying more attention towards delivering quality services providing fashionable clothes to its consumers, based on their tastes and preferences. According to Allwood & et. al. (2006), the modern day clothing materials are getting cheaper, increasing scope for innovation in the industry dimensions. Notably, the modern trend clothing style is recognised as more fashionable rather than expensive and diverse, which indicates the perception of its users to differentiate themselves from others within the society. Allwood & et. al. (2006) further elaborated that in the year of 2000, aggregated consumer expenditure amounted at around US$1 trillion that also indicates the expanding boundaries of the industry. Above all, it signifies the changing perceptions and notions amid the consumers of the clothing industry, which on a wider realm, may exhibit the transformations witnessed within

Applied decision making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Applied decision making - Assignment Example Unastonishingly thus, Cliffshire County Hospital Trust (CCHT) has also been facing similar challenges in its overall decision making system that includes various dimensions of healthcare services. The major problem identifiable in the organisation was lower coordination between the medical staff and the management staff. Although expected to increase the pace of decision-making, such transformations have been hampering the administrative and management processes of the hospital. To be precise, the presented situation exhibits that a few of the older and established consultants of CCHT are given enormous power through which, they make unilateral decisions for their medical teams without consulting with the management. As a result, there exists a significant degree of lack of coordination between the medical team and the management of CCHT, owing to which various problems arise within the hospital those in turn hinder the easy and profitable functioning of the organisation. In addition, the efficiency levels of the management and the medical staff have also been observed to remain unrealised in alignment with the organisational goals, due to insufficient coordination, which also creates resentments among the staff members, irrespective of whether they belong to the management team or the medical team. From an overall perspective, it can be argued that to enhance the effectiveness of the new strategy, it is very essential to establish well-developed relationships with the consultants as they are considered the powerhouse of the hospital. Implementing a multi-departmental working party in the hospital could also serve beneficial, as it would permit various important strategic decisions. Furthermore, through consultative approach to decision making, the process can be improved (Ambrus et al., 2009). The aim of this report is to discuss the contemporary theories on group decision making that would help in understanding the prevailing scenario within CCHT

The Role of NGO in Defining Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

The Role of NGO in Defining Human Rights - Essay Example Since they have come from other nations, they might be naive to the language, rules, and observances, and less capable to claim their civil liberties. This causes them to face prejudice and makes them vulnerable to uneven treatment and uneven prospects at employment and also in their day to day affairs.   The Amnesty International has made efforts to promote and safeguard the liberties of those segments of the society including the immigrants and refugee workers. Amnesty international held that because of the nature of humanity immigrants are at liberty to be safeguarded of their civil liberties. This right comprises of the securing and safeguarding of their liberties during the whole period of migration in nations of origin, travel, and destination.   After the cold war, the NGO segment related to the migrant security has developed to a very large extent. The people have become more conscious and anxious with respect to the cruel laws, regulations, and procedures which affect the migrants. In the present day, there are hardly a few nations in the world that haven’t been concerned by the migrants’ problem and therefore the NGO’S are engaged with the refugee protection rights.† A migrant's human rights are largely defined by the migration "category" to which he or she belongs, and by the reasons underlying that migration. At one end of the human rights/migration spectrum are voluntary migrants, including migrant workers and other economic migrants. At the other end, more than 10 million refugees are forced to leave their countries to escape persecution.† (Grant 2005).   Immigrants activists argue that inequity, poverty, armed clashes, racial discrimination, fanaticism etc in the home country are the core reasons for immigration along with other exterior reasons like globalization.

Film Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film Analysis - Research Paper Example This sense is emphasized by Stone’s employment of several real-life participants in depicting his version of events. By refusing to recast the president, for example, Stone proves his talent as a director working with limited available footage and injects reality into the story. When he uses the Zapruder film, Stone is able to inject a somber mood of reflection as audiences realize this is the actual event and not a staged recreation. Another significant appearance is Jim Garrison playing the role of the Honorable Chief Justice Earl Warren. By placing him in this role, Stone suggests that anyone placed in the real life role may have been obligated to come to the same conclusions the Warren Commission delivered. Real life assassination witness Jean Hill also appeared in the film as the stenographer taking down Hill’s real life statement. Again, the underlying message is that of authenticity – Hill wouldn’t change her own statements or misrepresent what she said herself. The overall style of the film further emphasizes authenticity. The video montage of the first section of the film establishes its link with reality by showing real news footage. The video is left in its television-sized format, surrounded by plenty of black space, making the theater dark and bringing the mood of the audience into alignment with the seriousness to follow. However, the gradual reduction of the music to only rhythmic, heartbeat-like strikes on the drum help create dramatic tension leading up to the flash of a completely black screen and the sound of shots being fired. This is followed by the almost equally dark CBS New Bulletin screen and newscaster voiceover announcing the news that the president had been shot. The first full screen footage seen by the audience is that of the Zapruder film documenting the president’s final moments within a nearly silent environment. All that can be heard is the

Evaluating Instructional Design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Evaluating Instructional Design - Research Paper Example The three basic outlines for how to approach instruction are defined and given meaning in relationship with instruction. Fifteen principles are involved in the discussion of instructional design, and from these fifteen principles it is intended that seven will be further explored through examples of videos in which they have been violated. In learning how to appropriately use a theory it is often beneficial to see how it has been erroneously applied, or not followed. In looking at the principles of instructional design, it is valuable to see how others have failed to follow the ideas put forth and the effect that these missed steps have on the information that is intended. Merrill on Instructional Design M. David Merrill (2008) has been in the instructional design business for about 40 years. His opinion is that the internet has allowed for easy access to the public, but has created a glut of information dumps through which true instruction is ineffective. He assesses the glut of wor k as representative of an inability to create effective instruction at a broad level, with even professional organizations falling short of those principles that have been determined as necessary to create effective instruction. Merrill (2008) outlines three important aspects of designing learning. The first is the need to show people what is being instructed rather than just tell. Giving people an opportunity to practice what has been learned is more than just multiple choice questions. Getting them involved in more complex tasks is required for good learning. The final aspect of educating that is important for learning is motivation. Real learning comes when a student is able to do something that they were not able to accomplish before the education event, with a real world application being the reward so that they can do what they could not do before the instruction. Being able to do something new is the greatest motivational factor available to the instructor, according to Merri ll. He states that through demonstration, activation of practical application, then through the motivation of learning how to do something, the basics have been covered to improve instruction. Broken down to simple, one word explanations, a teacher must engage the student by showing, practicing, and doing. The emphasis on real world application seems to have a strong focus for learning practices, where abstract concepts are far more difficult to achieve than concepts that are applicable in the real world. Clark and Mayer (2011) break this idea down into farther into three additional types of teaching, the first being show and tell which is receptive, show and do which is directive, and teaching by problem solving which is guided discovery. However, these three concepts are based upon the idea that the student is motivated towards learning because they will be able to do something after the conclusion of the learning experience. The last two of these types of teaching are particularl y directed towards creating a system in which the student is given a form of a doable result from the instruction. Overview of 15 Principles of Instructional Design The discussion of education in relationship to instructional design is based upon the use of principles that guide instruction towards affecting the student to engage in learning. The first principle is alignment between activities and outcomes. In order to create effective learning, it is important

Film Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film Analysis - Research Paper Example This sense is emphasized by Stone’s employment of several real-life participants in depicting his version of events. By refusing to recast the president, for example, Stone proves his talent as a director working with limited available footage and injects reality into the story. When he uses the Zapruder film, Stone is able to inject a somber mood of reflection as audiences realize this is the actual event and not a staged recreation. Another significant appearance is Jim Garrison playing the role of the Honorable Chief Justice Earl Warren. By placing him in this role, Stone suggests that anyone placed in the real life role may have been obligated to come to the same conclusions the Warren Commission delivered. Real life assassination witness Jean Hill also appeared in the film as the stenographer taking down Hill’s real life statement. Again, the underlying message is that of authenticity – Hill wouldn’t change her own statements or misrepresent what she said herself. The overall style of the film further emphasizes authenticity. The video montage of the first section of the film establishes its link with reality by showing real news footage. The video is left in its television-sized format, surrounded by plenty of black space, making the theater dark and bringing the mood of the audience into alignment with the seriousness to follow. However, the gradual reduction of the music to only rhythmic, heartbeat-like strikes on the drum help create dramatic tension leading up to the flash of a completely black screen and the sound of shots being fired. This is followed by the almost equally dark CBS New Bulletin screen and newscaster voiceover announcing the news that the president had been shot. The first full screen footage seen by the audience is that of the Zapruder film documenting the president’s final moments within a nearly silent environment. All that can be heard is the

Outline and evaluate the negotiating skills you have used Essay

Outline and evaluate the negotiating skills you have used - Essay Example Specified means of negotiations can be utilized in numerous situations, be it in legal systems, industrial disputes, government, or domestic relationships. General negotiation skills are learned and applied in an extensive range of activities to resolve any difference that arise in a work place. I was working in the United Credit Bank in Azerbaijan, during my internship, where I used to deal with the reporting process. On several occasions, I used my negotiation skills to be permitted to make some significant changes in my reports. However, it could have been more successful if I could have identified these issues prior to producing the report, so I wouldn’t need to enquire from my manager to give me permission for making the changes in the reports. As much as the idea was not viewed negatively by my manager, I realized that I could have behaved in a more successful way. Some of the negotiating skills I used include the following: Preparation First, I used to prepare myself fo r the negotiations by deciding on when and where I would meet my manager after writing my reports. At this stage, I also used to limit the time I could use when asking her of any issues to prevent any disagreement and unnecessary conversations between the two of us. I always made sure that I have gone through my reports especially those concerning any monetary records to be fully aware of the facts so that it could be easier for me to clarify my position to the manager. In this context, I specifically went through the rules and regulations of the bank and made sure they were on my fingertips to prove that I had not violated any policy. By this, my boss could not spend much time trying to clarify information that she expected I was familiar with (Nadler, 2003). Analyzing the problem As a bank employee at that time, I had to ensure that my internship become successful, hence I took my time to determine what my manager really expected of me. Before I could approach her, I used to analy ze the issues in my reports, especially in record keeping so that both our interests could not disagree. I often detailed by analysis by identifying the interested parties, such as the manager herself, the auditor, and other executives, and spot out the issues they could have criticized. However, sometimes I could not single out the real issues as required. Active listening during discussions Putting in mind that I often did not spot out the actual issues of concern, I could forward my cases exactly the way I saw them. Major skills used here included questioning, clarifying, and listening to my manager. Sometimes I could take notes as she explained to record important points put forward just in case I needed more clearing up. Nevertheless, it came to my notice that I rarely applied this skill efficiently because I tented to concentrate more on noting than listening. This led to hardships at some points as she could end up talking too much than I expected and that I never got an equa l chance to present my case as she always did. Another impact I noted when I seemed to write much and listen less was that I failed to notice her body language, which could have enabled me to know if she was happy with my questions or if she demonstrated something important. She could at times forbid me from writing and use my pen to illustrate her point by rectifying the issues in my reports, and this is when I often concentrated. Control of emotions The United Credit Bank of Azerbaijan is a large bank with many daily activities and

Greek and Norse Mythology Essay Example for Free

Greek and Norse Mythology Essay Greek mythology and Roman mythology are almost identical. This is an accepted fact, as it is widely known that the Romans stole the Greek myths. However, it is very interesting to note that the mythology of the Vikings (Norse) has many similarities with the Greek myths. These myths are, by no means, identical to the Greek ones (like the Roman ones are), but there are very distinct commonalities between the two. I see two possible reasons for this besides pure coincidence. The first has to do with the fact that Norse myths were codified during the Viking era: 780 1070. This gives the Norsemen many centuries to become exposed to the Greek (or Roman) myths. The Vikings did travel as far east as the Caspian sea, which is further east than both Italy and Greece. The Norse myths were fashioned after the fall of the Roman empire. During the expansion of the Roman empire, the Romans were able to get all the way to Britain, which is farther west than the Scandinavian countries where these myths originated. The Vikings made many expeditions into Britain. So it is a very realistic thought that the Vikings could have been exposed to the stories of the Greek and Roman gods. It is also possible that the Vikings could have extrapolated parts of the Roman stories into their own. The only two existing primary sources of Norse mythology are the Prose (Elder) Edda, and the Poetic (Younger) Edda. These were written about one thousand to eight hundred years ago respectively. The second factor has to do with mythology as an extension of the society that fashions it. I see mythology as an attempt by a people to explain the powerful forces which affect and shape it, that are beyond its control, such as weather, the elements, and nature. I also see gods as being characters that have many similarities with the people within the society. The gods and goddesses are powerful beings capable of super-human powers, but nevertheless are characters fraught with very human frailties and flaws. In this way they created gods that had similarities with the common man in the society. This made the gods more tangible and easier to identify with. I think that this was necessary because they were not yet at the societal maturity level to have a single god on a cosmic plane. Most of the comparisons will be examining the similarities between major Greek and Norse gods, as well as creatures, stories and specific symbols which are featured in the mythologies.

Does Media Ownership Need To Be Regulated Media Essay

Does Media Ownership Need To Be Regulated Media Essay In this assignment am aiming to address three main reasons the way how media ownership has to be regulated in digital age. The two aims are will focuses on the European Union in terms of media ownership regulation such as; to protect freedom of expression and the fair regulation of media and media ownership to ensure high quality, unbiased broadcasts and finally, a concern to the public is the protection of privacy. Our lives, our everyday choices, our aspirations (goals) our continually changing values, are constantly shaped by the media in all its forms. For the last 40 to 50 years, we have seen TV dominate, and here in the UK, we have gone from a virtual monopoly to a situation where we have access to unlimited amount of TV channels. In the UK, and most countries, the introduction of regulation of media and media ownership has been a requirement which is unavoidable. In a free society, one major aim is to ensure that each media format, radio, TV, newspapers, have lots of players within the market place. A particular media market with lots of players, and not just one or two major players is said to be plural or in a state of plurality. Governments in free societies aim to ensure that regulation of media ownership ensures this plurality. Some governments have such stringent laws which mean that media owners find it hard to operate in a free way, so companies are limited in terms of expansion and growing in a natural way. Governments have to take into consideration that rules of media ownership do not hold back companies in this way, and hence regulation must aim to balance between plurality, and allowing companies to deliver their media without too many laws that slow down free thinking, creativity and quality. Current media regulation within the UK developed from regulation originally aimed at printed form. Earliest regulation was inadequate and included newspapers only adhering to certain laws and not infringing those laws, such as libel etc. Recently the newspaper industry as its own code-of-conduct, and is said to be self-regulated. Some would view self-regulation as only in the interests of media owners, and not necessarily in the interests of the public and private lives of individuals within the public. Media is going through such a rate of change, its been described as a media revolution, or digital revolution and were said to be in the information age. Change is so fast, and continuing that regulation is under strain to keep up with these new formats. For instance, as Doyle (2002:150) describe in her book; broad-band Internet technologies bring about the possibility of not only conventional TV, but also interactive TV, sitting alongside your home computer network. Increasing numbers of devices are now able to stream media into the home through these broadband providers, such as cable or DSL technologies. This change is world-wide, affecting all countries to some degree, even the poorest third world countries have access in places to these technologies, even if its a little slower on the update than elsewhere. When different media types are able to utilise the same medium of transmission (The Internet), we know this sharing of the medium as convergence. Converged Media is both grea t, but is a headache for regulators work-wide. As new forms of media developed over time, such as radio, TV, and more recently the Internet, regulation has had to develop with it. Currently regulation of these new forms of media in the UK is carried out by a body called Ofcom. In Ofcoms own words:- Ofcom is the communications regulator. We regulate TV and radio, fixed line telecoms and mobiles, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate. All forms of media allow us as a society to challenge the status quo, challenging the government to do better for its citizens, and fight against corruption. Laws allow governments to censor the printed media easily, but its not so easy to censor newer forms of media such as the Internet. Throughout the world, its been easy to regulate traditional forms of media which include those mentioned, TV, radio, magazines, newspapers books, but governments are faced with the difficulty in regulation new media which is now international, websites, Internet radio. How can one country regulate media ownership in other countries, because the Internet enables anyone to get media created in other nations? Whilst ensuring plurality has been focused on printed media, to ensure citizens get a wide variety of views from media, the nature of the Internet itself is plural, in my view, more emphasis in future has to be put on regulating media ownership on a global scale, but this is a controversial view. Recently we have seen countries such as China put blanket bans on their citizens viewing a large number of sites on the Internet. These are draconian measures, but shows what lengths some countries may go to enforce their own forms of censorship. The European Union has a directive which is a country of origin rule for the provision of on-line services (information society services). This directive ensures that regulation of the Internet is enforced at the country of origin, and not the country that the public may view the content. This has obvious difficulties, because only certain internationally agreed laws such as child porn are enforced globally. The problem arises when one country has different social values and social practices to another. For instance one country can have very open views on adult pornography to anothers, and their laws will be vastly different in this respect. The EUs country of origin direct prevents the country of destination from applying its own laws to the media providers country of origins media owner. Domestic regulators cannot apply their rules to another member states media owner (incoming services). On the other hand regulators must also apply their own rules to domestic media owners who supply media to citizens of another member state (outgoing services). It follows that if regulations brought in to ensure media ownership is plural, then the outputs of the media should likewise also be plural by their very nature. As an example, we can use satellite TV: If a country allows both domestic and international TV broadcasts to be received by its citizens, then this ensures that there are different views, beliefs and cultural values outputted; hence by nature this medium is plural. Stricter governments and regimes mean that tight controls on media ownership means strict and tighter media output. Going back to printed medias in the UK such as newspapers, laws or acts of parliament, are used for control of media ownership. The government used the Fair Trading Act 1973 to regulate how ownership and takeovers are conducted. In addition the Broadcasting Act 1996 was used to regulate cross-media ownership, and prevent the dominance of one company across the spectrum of media. The government has to be involved with ensuring diversity in output, through the control of ownership. I think that its important ensure competition within the market using laws that control ownership in this way, ensuring regulation for plurality can be achieved through control of ownership. A worst case scenario if whereby one company, say Rupert Murdochs newspaper industry gets so strong that it is able to turn say news into a monopoly; this would mean that Murdoch would be able to control who gets voted into government, what we by, wed only tend to go for certain brands. A monopoly would mean that the public interest was not being served, and wed continually be misinformed in the interests of only that company. In history we have seen where the control of all media forms can cause bloodshed on a wide scale, recently in Rwanda, Bosnia, and further back in the Second World War. In order to stop this happening again, its important to ensure that media provides a balanced, view, and regulation though business law through acts of parliament will ensure this is prevented. The European Unions E-Commerce directive seems to ensure that on the European scale, the regulation of media ownership ensures a wide variety of media types and additional internationally agreed laws on privacy, data protection, and child pornography for instance can be utilised to protect citizens where local laws are not adequate in this respect. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has also implemented laws on media ownership, such Article Eight: Freedom of Expression. The complexity of broadcasting laws throughout the world can be seen within the EU, as the EU continues to find new ways of ensuring that cross-border media outlets are regulated in a way that participating countrys all play a part in allowing freedom within a set of guidelines that still stays within the public interest. These laws for cross-border media types such as the Internet and satellite TV do not pertain so much to older media types like newspapers and laws on media ownership is left to individual member states to take care of. Its not all plain sailing within Europe, because there has been stiff opposition to laws that hinder Freedom of Speech and Freedom of the press. The European Union has come up with an EC directive known as Television without Frontiers, which takes the result of the Convention on Trans-frontier Television into current European Law on media ownership. So we have seen that the two aims of the European Union in terms of media ownership regulation are: To protect freedom of expression The fair regulation of media and media ownership to ensure high quality, unbiased broadcasts. The third aim, which recently has come more of a concern to the public is the protection of privacy. People should have some degree of privacy in their lives, and domestically newspapers have been allowed to invade someones privacy on the basis that its in the public interest. Different member states within the EU have different views of what is in the public interest, and where we have new forms of media that have no borders, then how do we tackle news based on peoples private lives, and where do you draw the line on what should be an invasion of privacy and what is in the public interest if different member countries greatly differ on that. The European Union has tended to shy away from this issue, and concentrate more on enforcing laws on media owners concerned with intellectual property rights, and copyrights, with slightly bit more emphasis on privacy only recently. The European Union approach with the television directive has looked more on media content in terms of violence, pornography racial hatred and the right to reply. These paws prevent broadcasters from going over the top in what they broadcast, whilst ensuring that ownership remains broad and international ensuring that freedom of expression is OK in all member states. The EU is not so concerned with individual media moduls like Murdoch taking control of large swathes of the media, and this controlling public opinion without variation, but is more concerned with plurality and diversity of media. In my opinion, this is right, and a balanced view form a wide variety of media owners can be achieved this was right across the European Union though this type of regulation. Rasiah Newell state: Relaxation of ownership regulation might shift attention to content controls. Again, multiplicity of outlets and communications convergence provide arguments against such controls. Scarcity and impact might have justified special statutory controls over broadcasting until now, but such reasons have no relevance to the future information and communications industry. The print media would never accept such statutory interference with freedom of expression. It is vehemently opposed to licensing or pre-vetting and could not accept due impartiality requirements its current self-regulatory code expressly preserves its freedom to be partisan. In the multi-media world there is little danger of information monopoly. Rasiah Newell attempt to describe here how the print media have prevented the government here in the UK from attempting to enforce laws that restrict or interfere with their freedom of expression; it would mean death for any UK government that went up against the print industry. However, by relaxing regulation of ownership means that content is more of an issue, and we have seen that on the European level. I am unsure that a self-regulating press can be totally in the pubic interest, and would like to see more of an effort on the European level to tackle issues such as privacy and what is in the interest of the public on a European level, as the UK papers seem to get away with murder sometimes.

Spanish Civil war guide to writing essay :: essays research papers

DARK RIVER DARK MOUNTAIN Our attention was suddenly caught by the activity near the shooters hut. A van had stopped and a group of men were lifting out a lot of equipment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I thought that the men must be here to open the cave, which had been closed for many years now. The men, with their equipment, headed for the cave. I knew that although they were experienced, it would be very hard to get into the entire cave, as it was through very small holes and gaps.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Major, myself and a few other people walked behind the men, slowly. While walking, I thought of Marthe, being taken out of the cave after so many years. I saw Marthe in my head as if it was not many years ago. We finally reached the cave and everyone there gathered round to watch.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The men were ready to open the cave, my cave, or at least it used to be my cave. As they entered the cave, I remembered when I last saw and spoke to Marthe. As I was thinking of her, I also thought of when I touched her hand in the cave. Thinking of her so much quite upset me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suddenly I remembered Marthe’s secret. No one else knew, although they may have suspected, but Marthe was the spy and she used to help the foreign parachutists.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I told the men that I had discovered the cave and that it would be easier if I showed them the way as I had been before and I was also a trained pot-holer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I entered the cave with the men behind me. We walked along silently until we got to the point where I had last touched Marthe. We all stopped and the men looked down to where Marthe was but no one could see very much. I put a torch on and pointed it down the gap to see the best way to get down. After a few minutes, I explained to the men what we should do and they started to tie ropes and prepare themselves. As the men went down, one by one, I, again, thought of Marthe. Finally, it was my turn to lower myself down through the cave. I went down very slowly. When I reached the bottom, I looked around and as I moved the light of my torch, I could hear bats flying around.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The men spread out looking for any signs of Marthe.