Edgar Allan Poes Impact on American Literature - 1379 Words

Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most influential writers of the horror genre in American history. His horror stories have impacted numerous authors and their stories over the years. Various people have tried to copy his way of writing style, but they have failed to achieve the success he did. Even though Poe is no longer living, his impact on American literature can still be felt today. Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. Even though Edgar Allan Poe did not grow up around his biological parents, his parents were both actors. â€Å"His father left the family early on, and his mother passed away when he was only three.† (â€Å"Biography†) Since Poe did not have any parents around, he went to live with John and†¦show more content†¦King has this to say about Poes works, â€Å"He wasnt just a mystery/suspense writer,† adds the author many fans would describe as the modern Poe, Stephen King. â€Å"He was the first† (Ho ckensmith). Poes detective fiction or mystery fiction can best be felt in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Sherlock Holmes is one of the best knows detectives in the history of literature. His fame can be spotted in the books that have been written and the movies that have been produced about Holmes. Poes works were able to influence the author of the Sherlock Holmes series, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, in which he based the character of Sherlock Holmes off of one of Poes characters whose name was Dupin who was used in the mystery story The Murders in the Rue Morgue. The similarities between the two characters are quite grand. â€Å"Both are solitary men who prefer to live quietly in either isolation or in the company of one close companion.†(â€Å"Nineteenth Century Influenced Poe†). Both men also tend to shift to the bottom of their mysteries without a large amount of clues that other detective writers appear to have in their stories. The impact that Poe has had on auth ors and stories cannot be matched. His stories have provided a model for future authors to use, in the hope of growing the notoriety of mystery fiction or the horror genre. Poes writing was able to captivate people, as stated above, but Poe was also able to reach a plethora of authors that lived in the South. â€Å"The life ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven And The Fall Of The House Of Usher 896 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is an extremely well known American writer and is famous for his horrific and mysterious works such as, â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher.† Poe was born in 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts in an era that seems to have many dark and ominous writers and pieces of literature originating from that time period. Poe is said to have launched the interest in many of the detective type stories that we read from modern day writers. â€Å"In the early 1800s, romanticism was the dominantRead MoreLiterar y Legends: Edgar Allan Poe and Mark Twain777 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Legends Literature has played a large role in the way we perceive the world and it can affect the way in which we think about things. Edgar Allan Poe along with Mark Twain are two of the most influential authors that our world has ever seen. Their descriptiveness and diction has had a huge impact on their readers for centuries. Poe’s gothic style of writing was very enthralling and suspenseful; it left you wanting to know what was going to happen next. Whereas, Mark Twain was a very humorousRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe; Fame Inspired by a Tragic Life865 Words   |  4 Pages The 19th century American poet, Edgar Allan Poe, had been plagued by grief from an early age. He was an amazing poet and author who just happened to have a darker story. Many who have studied this prestigious man feel that his works, though magnificent, were extremely dark. Some believe it was nothing more then a fancy for him to spin such gruesome tales. Others feel his work was manipulated by the misfortune of his past. These people have actually found evidence that agrees with this statementRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead MoreCreative and Unique Writing: The Life of Edgar Allan Poe883 Words   |  4 Pages Often author’s lives have an impact on their writing because of the way they see life. Edgar Allan Poe had constant struggles in his own life that shaped the way he wrote. His name brings to mind death and murders but there was more to him than that. He was a man with many challenges in his life that he had to overcome. Poe was born as Edgar Poe on January 19, 1809 in Boston Massachusetts. He was the second of three children. His siblings were Henry and Rosalie Poe. His parents, David and ElizabethRead MoreA Brief History of Edgar Allan Poe 958 Words   |  4 PagesIn Annabel Lee, Edgar Allan Poe states, â€Å"We loved with a love that was more than love.† This saying is used by thousands of people everyday to their soul mate. The American Renaissance, which began in 1828 through 1865. Poe was an Anti-Transcendentalist, he wrote mostly about self-destruction (sin). Edgar Allan Poe enjoyed writing about death, sinful acts, and how others felt towards sin. Edgar Allan Poe had married his fourteen year-old cousin, whom died ten years later at the age of twenty fourRead MoreThe Great Authors And Poets Of History2014 Words   |  9 Pagesconsider the nineteenth century poet Edgar Allan Poe. Poe wrote countless poems and short stories of the horror genre. Poe’s early life, military activity, romantic relationships and life as an author all played a significant role in his writings and the formation of his career as an author and poet. The work Poe did years ago still impacts the world of literature today and has provided a basis for which today’s short stories are written and formatted. IIA. Edgar Poe was born in Boston on JanuaryRead MoreThe Peculiar Edgar Allan Poe868 Words   |  4 PagesJanuary 19, 1809. As a child Poe’s parents had passed on making him an orphan. He then went on to live with the family of John Allan who was originally from Richmond, Virginia. During the period of 1815-1820, the family migrated to England. Living in England was beneficial to Poe for the reason that he gained his gothic style that appears so frequently in his work from this area. Although prior to his success challenges were in the forefront of his career, Edgar Allan Poe is a well-known poet whoRead More A Critical Essay on Edgar Allan Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher (1839)1221 Words   |  5 PagesZamfir (1986- ) argues that â€Å"architecture and settings are more important in Gothic fiction than in any other type of literature†¦all architectural elements are closely connected with Gothic protagonists and the plot.† (Zamfir. 2011: 15). This critical essay will first consider and analyse this statement and investigate the style, language and form of the American author Edgar Allan Poe’s (1809-1849) macabre and Gothic fictional prose The Fall of the House of Usher (1839) (Poe. 1987: 1). I shall presentRead MoreLife Darker Than Night By Edgar Allan Poe961 Words   |  4 PagesLife Darker than Night Great American writer and creator of short stories, Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston on January 19, 1809. According to Charles E. May, a literary scholar, who specializes in the study of the short story, â€Å"Poe is very important in the history of American culture †¦ , he developed short fictions as a genre that was to have a major impact on American literature†¦ in nineteenth century† (May 5). Despite the huge amount short stories written and sold, Poe unsuccessfully tried

Essay about School Cliques - 988 Words

School Cliques The sounds of laughter and excitement ring throughout the playground on a bright, sunny, typical day for elementary school students-classes, recess, and hurt feelings from the â€Å"popular† girls in the class, because they called another fellow student’s clothes ugly. What gives these girls the privilege to destroy another person’s feelings and self esteem belongs to one word: cliques. This word can bring fun, joy, and happiness, or sadness, low self esteem, and depression in students of all ages. A clique is a formation of people, sort of like an army, a leader, and followers. The problem with cliques is that they promote fun and excitement when deep down it also destroys the followers and the bystanders. A clique†¦show more content†¦The clique members live with constant tension, not sure if their own status is secure, and they are at risk for what an Arlington psychologist and author Michael Thompson calls collective group power: â€Å"Thereâ €™s a diminished sense of moral responsibility [in cliques]. You feel less sense of individual accountability† (Meltz 8). With all of this inside of the clique, there has to be something on the outside. Outside of the clique there is the victims and bystanders; the victims are the ones who are teased and isolated they are at a risk for lowered self-esteem, poor school performance, depression, isolation, and eating disorders (Meltz 8). The bystanders are not part of the clique, but they tend to harbor guilt for standing by when a clique victimizes a classmate; and they worry all the time that they could be next (Meltz 8). All of this pressure about belonging to the popular group is put on children in grade school, but studies show that even in preschool, cliques are forming too. Michael Thompson’s newest book entitled Best Friends, Worst Enemies, Understanding the Social Lives of Children, tells how children begin to group themselves exclusively as early as preschool and kindergarten. At recess, a few decide they are a club and only certain kids can join. At this stage of development, though, they can’t sustain clique-like behavior; tomorrow, some kids will have forgotten aboutShow MoreRelatedHigh School Cliques896 Words   |  4 PagesCliques in Schools High school has always been a tough time for most teenagers. It is a time when classes are harder, schedules are tighter and most students are twice as mean. High school â€Å"marks a time of extensive and sometimes rapid growth for adolescents† (Clique Formation). A step up from junior high, â€Å"the unfamiliar environment subjects students to vast array of new experiences, problems and decisions† (Clique Formation). Most teenagers experience problems once they hit high school like peerRead MoreHigh School Cliques808 Words   |  3 PagesEvery school has cliques; small groups of people with similar interests who hang out exclusively with one another. But are cliques harmful to the high school environment? The definition of a clique can go down to a specific detail and its effect has a wide range. Cliques tend to stay on the negative side, so is the 5% of positivity enough to keep high school a safe environment? The classification of cliques is based off of the labels students are given. Labels are usually given to students in middleRead More High School Cliques Essay791 Words   |  4 PagesHigh school is a combat zone. Perhaps incognito, high school is vile in all ways, shapes, and forms. High school is destruction of humanity. From blondes to redheads, and albinos to bronzed beauties, there is no fair play. Manipulation, deceit, lies, and forbidding grades are the fate of these entire helpless quarry. After many devastating centuries, mankind has learned to adapt to this revolution. Fighting for freedom and molding to the staggering state of affairs, students have mastered separationRead MoreTaking a Look at High School Cliques569 Words   |  2 Pageshigh school surviving is the hardest things to do, when anyone first come there. The best thing to do is finding a clique of people and join them. Finding different cliques are not that hard, but knowing who they are and adapting the environment is one of the hardest thing to do in high school . Finding a wrong clique can lead anyone straight down to a life of hell or worse. Students who entering high school can identify the types of cliques of student are in, and join up with whatever cliques thatRead MoreEssay about High School Cliques1205 Words   |  5 PagesHigh School Cliques High school cliques are typical during teenage years, giving members a feeling of acceptance and belonging. But I believe that cliques conversely damage a teen’s self esteem. The high school should get involved in helping all students feel more â€Å"socially included†. How can a student feel like they socially fit in? It is the responsibility of the high school to create an atmosphere for the student body which promotes acceptance and inclusion of other kids, allowing kidsRead More The Effect of Cliques on High School Students Essay examples1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of Cliques on High School Students Most college freshman can still vividly remember their high school days. These days included ruling the school as seniors, or running from the seniors as lowly ninth graders. These days included having lunch with friends, and gossiping in the hallways between classes. Whatever was done, it was usually done with a friend or a group of friends. Most of these groups can be considered cliques. Cliques are groups where there is some kind of commonRead MoreThe Breakfast Club Vs. Perks Of Being A Wallflower1422 Words   |  6 PagesBreakfast Club vs. The Perks of Being a Wallflower In high school, social hierarchy is typically determined by perceived popularity. Adolescents experience many emotional, biological and cognitive changes during this time. Teenagers struggle with their identity as social acceptance becomes an increasingly important factor in their lives. Cliques are formed in high school as a representation of a small group of people with common interests. Cliques are joined mostly by girls because it gives them a senseRead MoreEffect of Fashion on Teenagers848 Words   |  4 Pageshave just shown you, are four examples of common stereotypes that can be found in every high school. Nerds, Emos, Plastics or populars, and Gangstas. As humans, we are drawn to people who are like us... as a result of this, you end up with little groups called cliques. The word clique originated from the French language, and its literal translation is together. People in the cliques are bound to each other by what they have in common. Things like music tastes, opinionsRead MoreLabeling Essay Sociology1979 Words   |  8 Pagesjudgments. When it comes to school, nobody wants to be labeled the school nerd, slut, or anything negative. People only want to be labeled positively, something that gives them perks in school and applies to their own self-interest. The Peer Power: Clique Dynamics Among School Children written by Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler, talks about the school structure and how labels can either make or break a student’s school career. The article talks about how cliques are labeled by the students whoRead MoreHigh School And Social Hierarchy1246 Words   |  5 PagesIn high school, social hierarchy is typically determined by perceived popularity. Adolescents experience many emotional, biological and cognitive changes during this time. Teenagers struggle with their identity as social acceptance becomes an increasingly important factor in their lives. Cliques are formed in high school as a representation of a small group of people with common interests. Cliques are joined mostly by girls beca use it gives them a sense of security and confidence they may otherwise

Based on the story brother bear Essay Example For Students

Based on the story brother bear Essay It was a very bitter morning in a native part of America. The snow was covering the tops of most of the mountains and many of the birds had migrated to get some warm weather elsewhere. A young boy, Toku, and his brother were walking through the woods to the lake to catch their breakfast fish. They caught many fish, big and small, for them and the rest of their tribe, and decided to hang the basket fall of them on a tree branch while they went for a wash in the lake. The tribe that the boys belonged to were a tribe that believed once you had died your soul would be lifted to the spirits and thats where you would stay in peace with not only humans but animals also. However Toku had not tied the basket to the branch very well and after a while it fell to the ground, leaving all the fish scattered every where and jumping around trying to stay alive. Soon after Tokus other brother came along to join them, however he stopped and saw that all of the fish had been taken and next to it was a paw print that was fresh and deep into the ground. The brother shouted at his brothers and told them to get out of the water. As the two brothers approached the eldest they could see he was very angry and so they started to panic. Soon enough the brothers had learnt that a bear had eaten their fish that was on the ground, they could tell by the paw print on the mud. Both of the brothers blamed Toku, as he was the one who didnt tie the basket right. Therefore, Toku decided that he would go after the bear and retrieve the basket that they had all made themselves and maybe retrieve some, if not most of the fish they had caught earlier that morning. So of he went following the bears footprints along with his spear in his right hand, however little did Toku know that his eldest brother was following him (to make sure he was safe) and that also that this bear was no ordinary bear, it was a polar bear, much more ferocious and more powerful than any normal bear. Toku followed the prints as they led up to the cold, icy mountaintops. He started to worry a bit as many men had died up here from the cold or from the avalanches that happen frequently, however he was determined to get the basket and fish back just to prove his brothers wrong. When he finally got to the top, Toku could see the bear sitting eating away at the fish. He was shocked to find out it was a polar bear, but that didnt stop him and so he tiptoed quietly towards it anyway. However the polar sensed Toku and started to chase towards him. Toku started to run also but the bear was too fast and caught up with him, made him fall to the floor and was just about to step on him when all of a sudden a stone hit the bears face. Both the bear and Toku looked in the direction of where the stone had come from. There standing was Tokus brother, with a smile on his face. The bear was angry and so it started to chase Tokus brother. The bear chased him to the edge of the mountain, however the bear skidded on the ice and pushed itself and Tokus brother of the edge. Toku ran to the edge just in time to see where the bear and his brother landed it was in a river. Toku waited for his brother to rise to the surface, but only the bear did. Toku ran down the mountain as fast as he could, cutting and bruising himself the whole way. .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 , .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 .postImageUrl , .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 , .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038:hover , .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038:visited , .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038:active { border:0!important; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038:active , .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038 .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u60ec991db5b7a4f68d41d025e0780038:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Donne's poem, EssayAs he reached the bottom of the mountain he jumped into the river desperately searching for his brother. Toku was pushing the water away from him so he could try and move faster but he was getting tied, then all of a sudden he saw the thing his mind was telling him he wouldnt hopefully see it was the body of his dead brother. Toku collapsed into the water crying and screaming and also his body full with anger and revenge. So the body was taken back to the village where they had the funeral the same day. They all built a coffin from the trees and set it out on the river, where they believed his body would have a long journey to happiness. However little did Toku and his other brother, Tinga, know that their brother had been turned into an eagle so that he could watch over his brothers. After they had set the body down the river, Toku went for a walk where the accident happened. Tinga was already there and Toku told him that he was off to kill the bear once and for all. However Tinga tried to stop him and told him to forget about it but of went Toku again with his spear in his right hand. Toku was following the new paw prints, this time it led into an open topped cave. It was very cold in there, Tokus breath turned into ice as soon as he breathed out. There out of the corner of his eye he saw something move he looked and saw the bear running up to the open. With anger inside him, Toku ran after it and when he got to the top he couldnt see it. At this point Tinga got worried and so he went in the cave to try and find Toku. He shivered as soon as he got in there, folding his arms over his chest. Mean while at the top, Toku was hanging for dear life on a ledge, after the bear had knocked him off the top. Toku screamed and Tinga heard and started running towards the screams. Back at the top, Toku had got of the ledge and was back on the mountain, this time he ran for the bear, ducked under it and stabbed it as hard as he could. The bear let out a yell and collapsed on Toku. After a while Toku got up from under the bear and started to catch his breath. Then all of a sudden a change came over the whole area of where Toku was. First the ice started to melt and grass came with pretty flowers instead, then it started to get very warm and beautiful colours like reds, and oranges brightened up the area. Then shadows of ancient and new animals started to flow all over the place and as Toku tried to run away the animal shadows wrapped around him. Toku was amazed by what he saw and heard, and was intrigued to step into the tornado of colours near him. Toku stepped into it slowly and as he did the winds lifted him up and he was twirled around, at this point Toku dropped his spear and it landed near some of his ripped clothes. As Toku was being twirled around the spirit of an eagle lifted him up higher and then the spirit of the polar bear was also lifted up next to Toku, then as he twirled for the last time they combined and Toku was changed into a polar bear. All this time the shadow animals were making all kinds of sounds and were surrounding Toku. .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 , .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 .postImageUrl , .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 , .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362:hover , .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362:visited , .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362:active { border:0!important; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362:active , .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362 .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uba40b83522db855c88f3cfe41f3cc362:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Creator Frankenstein EssayThe eagle spirit let Toku gently down back to the ground and all of a sudden the animal sounds faded away and everything was back to normal except the weather was now raining and the clouds were very dark. At this point Tinga finally reached the top of the mountain and all he saw was the remains of his brothers clothes and spear. He picked up the spear and walked towards the polar. At this time Toku the bear got up but was so dazed he couldnt see and when he got to his feet he slipped down to the river. It was sunny and all the animals were around. Toku was just awakening when he saw the village witch doctor in front of him. She told hime that if he wanted to change back he would have to find the lights of the spirits on one of the mountains. Toku was surprised and puzzled what did she mean? So then out of coincidence he looked at his hands and was shocked to see white fur and fainted on the spot. After he woke, the witch doctor had gone and so he had to go on the quest to find the lights of the mountain by himself. As Toku was walking he found a little polar cub crying in a tree log. Toku went up to it and started talking to it. Toku found out that the little cub was called Plantinga and that she had lost her mum on the mountain top. Toku wanted to help so he told her that he would hep her search for her mum as long as she helped him look for the mountain that the witch doctor mentioned. What a coincidence the mountain was where Plantinga would hopefully find her mum at the polar bear gathering at lake fishalot. So the two of them set off to try and find the two things they were looking for.

Auditing and ethical practice

Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Ethical Practice. Answer: 1. Threats to Fellowes and Associates The broad range of the circumstances and scenario may create threats. When there arises a threat because of the relationship and the circumstances, these threats can be compromised, or it can be perceived as compromised, a member should follow the principles and norms of the principles of the APES 110. An event can create one or more than one threat these threats may affect the compliance for one threat, and the threat may affect the compliance and the principles with the principle (Zadek et al. 2013). More than one principle may be affected at the time of the occurrences of the event. The threats may fall into the one and more of the following categories: The threat of self interest- The threat of self interest is the threat that particularly depends on the financials of the company and tends to change the judgment of the member. The threat of self review- The norms are the principles by which each of the members has to abide by looking at the financial statement of the company. The threat is evaluated on the basis of the previous judgment made by the member or the service that is performed by the member. Advocacy threat: The threat of advocacy is the threat where the objectivity of the member are compromised. The threat that the clients position will be promoted to the higher level. The threat of familiarity: This type of threat is the threat that provides the close relationship with the employer and the client. The member should be connected to the interest or with respect to the work that the member is doing. The threat to intimidation: The threat that is connected with the objectivity. The objectivity of the company is perceived by the members and establishes the pressure on the member. 2. Safeguards According to APES 110 the safeguards of the principles are defined as the actions and the actions that may be levied to eliminate the threats that are faced by the company of form or the organization. The safeguards of the Act are divided into two categories: Safeguard that is created by the profession or are created by the legislation. Safeguard that is created by the work environment where one is working. However, the safeguards of the Act are compulsory and come into act when the member sees that the threats are not abiding by the law. The acceptable level of the threat are determined to be the threat that the third party that is concluding and giving their judgment has concluded the same with respect to the threat and is well informed about the threat. The third party takes into consideration all the facts available and reviewing the circumstances that is available with the firm as well with the third party who is reviewing the financial statements. The compliance and the norms are not compromised. The ethical conflict considers that the members have to abide by the law and resolve the conflict, which complies with the existing principles and norms of the principles. While resolving the ethical conflict the following factors may be considered relevant; The facts that are relevant The involvement of the ethical issues The internal procedures The courses of the action However, considering the above-mentioned points the member must take into account the appropriate course of action, taking into account the consequences that are attached with the each possible course of action. It should include the consulted decision of the other persons and the governance must be consulted. According to the issue that are faced by the members the issue that are faced by the members, the substance of the issue and the detailed discussion over the issue that has been held by the members with the third party reviewer must have an detailed documentation. Moreover, there can be the case where the conflicts cannot be resolved; states that the members can take the advice from the professionals or may seek the advice from the legal advisers and thus, ensure that the principles that are used shall not be breached. The confidentiality can be achieved with the help of the discussing the issues with the legal advisers on an anonymous basis or consult the issue with the professional body. The principles of the APES 110 states that a member should not remain with the issue if the ethical conflicts are unresolved. A member should refuse to remain with the same issue. Section 200 includes many instances of the threats that are thus, been made in the public practice and the Act also provides the safeguards to eliminate these threats. A member that is included with respect to the public practice must not legally take the custody of the assets of the clients until it is permitted by the law. For example, assuming the custody of the client assets may create the threat of the self-interest to the professional behavior and the objectivity. Under, Section 270 states the custody of the client assets a member of the public practice shall not take into account the custody of the assets of the clients until and unless it is permitted by the law to do the same (Ferrell Fraedrich 2015). Therefore, the member may keep the firms assets separate from that of the personal assets. Firm will be accounted for all those liabilities that are levied on the assets and any income that is generated by the assets and the income and a dividend that is generated by the assets are provided to the firm. Reference Zadek, S., Evans, R., Pruzan, P. (2013).Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Auditing and ethical practice Question : Discuss about the Auditor ? Answer : Introducation The broad range of the circumstances and scenario may create threats. When there arises a threat because of the relationship and the circumstances, these threats can be compromised, or it can be perceived as compromised, a member should follow the principles and norms of the principles of the APES 110. An event can create one or more than one threat these threats may affect the compliance for one threat, and the threat may affect the compliance and the principles with the principle (Zadek et al. 2013). More than one principle may be affected at the time of the occurrences of the event. The threats may fall into the one and more of the following categories: The threat of self interest- The threat of self interest is the threat that particularly depends on the financials of the company and tends to change the judgment of the member. The threat of self review- The norms are the principles by which each of the members has to abide by looking at the financial statement of the company. The threat is evaluated on the basis of the previous judgment made by the member or the service that is performed by the member. Advocacy threat: The threat of advocacy is the threat where the objectivity of the member are compromised. The threat that the clients position will be promoted to the higher level. The threat of familiarity: This type of threat is the threat that provides the close relationship with the employer and the client. The member should be connected to the interest or with respect to the work that the member is doing. The threat to intimidation: The threat that is connected with the objectivity. The objectivity of the company is perceived by the members and establishes the pressure on the member. According to APES 110 the safeguards of the principles are defined as the actions and the actions that may be levied to eliminate the threats that are faced by the company of form or the organization. The safeguards of the Act are divided into two categories: Safeguard that is created by the profession or are created by the legislation. Safeguard that is created by the work environment where one is working. However, the safeguards of the Act are compulsory and come into act when the member sees that the threats are not abiding by the law. The acceptable level of the threat are determined to be the threat that the third party that is concluding and giving their judgment has concluded the same with respect to the threat and is well informed about the threat. The third party takes into consideration all the facts available and reviewing the circumstances that is available with the firm as well with the third party who is reviewing the financial statements. The compliance and the norms are not compromised. The ethical conflict considers that the members have to abide by the law and resolve the conflict, which complies with the existing principles and norms of the principles. While resolving the ethical conflict the following factors may be considered relevant; The facts that are relevant The involvement of the ethical issues The internal procedures The courses of the action However, considering the above-mentioned points the member must take into account the appropriate course of action, taking into account the consequences that are attached with the each possible course of action. It should include the consulted decision of the other persons and the governance must be consulted. According to the issue that are faced by the members the issue that are faced by the members, the substance of the issue and the detailed discussion over the issue that has been held by the members with the third party reviewer must have an detailed documentation. Moreover, there can be the case where the conflicts cannot be resolved; states that the members can take the advice from the professionals or may seek the advice from the legal advisers and thus, ensure that the principles that are used shall not be breached. The confidentiality can be achieved with the help of the discussing the issues with the legal advisers on an anonymous basis or consult the issue with the professional body. The principles of the APES 110 states that a member should not remain with the issue if the ethical conflicts are unresolved. A member should refuse to remain with the same issue. Section 200 includes many instances of the threats that are thus, been made in the public practice and the Act also provides the safeguards to eliminate these threats. A member that is included with respect to the public practice must not legally take the custody of the assets of the clients until it is permitted by the law. For example, assuming the custody of the client assets may create the threat of the self-interest to the professional behavior and the objectivity. Under, Section 270 states the custody of the client assets a member of the public practice shall not take into account the custody of the assets of the clients until and unless it is permitted by the law to do the same (Ferrell Fraedrich 2015). Therefore, the member may keep the firms assets separate from that of the personal assets. Firm will be accounted for all those liabilities that are levied on the assets and any income that is generated by the assets and the income and a dividend that is generated by the assets are provided to the firm. Reference Zadek, S., Evans, R., Pruzan, P. (2013).Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Auditing and Ethical Practice Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Ethical Practice. Answer: Intending Accountant Threat It had been found by Tania Fellowes, the partner of the audit team in 2014 before accepting the assignment, that one of the intended team member of the audit team for HCGC is holding the shares of the HCGC group. It is a probable threat to the independence of the audit team as the audit performance of HCGC may be dictated by that intended accountant to find some confidential financial information which may have the ability to control the stock price of HCGC in near future. As the auditor, Fellowes and Associates, was offered the assignment of audit work of HCGC group, the audit team and its members would have to come across the financial information of the company which may be vital for its future performance so far revenue and subsequent profit is concerned. As these are directly related to the factors which govern the stock price of the company, the information is precious for the stockholders of the company. This threat is defined as Self Interest Threat as specified in APES 110 vide section 100.12(a). It is to be given main emphasis that the appointment of the auditors are made by the investors of the company to project the true accomplishment of objective through financial statements generated from financial information. Hence the primary job of the auditors is to ensure project true and fair projection of facts as per available information gathered from the financial transactions of the company for a certain period. If any person is involved in this operation with the background of shareholder of the company, it may influence his performance through the effort of finding out the information. This information may be beneficiary for the investors with future action plan to be chalked out with the help of the information (Apesb, 2008). Safeguard To safeguard the independence of the auditors to perform duties complying with the code of ethics as specified in APESB guideline, there are two options for the management of the audit team related to that intended accountant for the audit work of HCGC- a) he should not be included in the audit work of HCGC at all, or b) he can be deployed in the audit activities in such extent from where he can not access the final stage of the financial reports which can prove conclusive to find out the financial health of the organization. This is to ensure that the financial report or its excerpts should not be divulged to anybody who has direct interest related to the financial performance of the company. Moreover before the stipulated time of disclosing the annual financial report, the report or any part of such report should not be leaked out to the third parties as this is clearly an act of breach of conduct so far ethical practice of auditors are concerned. This is specified in APES 110 thro ugh Code 100.16 (Cpaaustralia, 2014). Evaluation of Intellectual Property Threat As per APES 110, the threat of evaluation of intellectual property is falling under 100.12(b) named as Self Review Threat. As intellectual property is falling under the long term asset category under the sub heading of intangible assets, which can neither be valued nor viewed in material aspect, threat of evaluation of the same can only be done through the process patent or copyright valuation. As it is contributing to the assets of the company, proper evaluation is necessary. Higher or lower value detection of intellectual property leads to subsequent impact in the asset of the company which will not portraying the actual image of the financial position of the company (Ifac, 2006). Safeguard Refer to APESB; the action related to evaluation of intangible assets is the duty of the management as per section 290.162 and 291.143. It is duty of the auditors to find out probable threats and safeguard the same. Respective safeguard in the evaluation of intellectual property of any organization is featured with prospective steps through Code 100.18 and 100.19 of APES 110 on the part of the auditors. The related safeguards are prescribed with the provisions which are mainly to emphasize dependence in relevant detailed facts, along with other factors like standard principle followed regarding the practice of the matter, the practiced standardized system followed by the corporate internally with the option of alternative action through invitation of involvement by the Board of Directors or the Audit Committee who can add value through their expertise suggestions. These steps can be opted with the objective of mitigating the risk of evaluation of intellectual property of the company. Ultimately the improper evaluation of intellectual property can lead to the misleading projection of financial statement of the company which may have direct or indirect impact on the corporate image of the company to their stakeholders (Intheblack, 2015). References: Apesb. (2008, February). APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. Retrieved January 03, 2017, from Apesb: https://www.apesb.org.au/uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf Cpaaustralia. (2014, April). An overview of APES 110 code of ethics for proffessional accountants . Retrieved December 03, 2017, from Cpaaustralia: https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/~/media/corporate/allfiles/document/professional-resources/ethics/an-overview-of-apes-110-code-of-ethics.pdf Ifac. (2006, July). Code of ethics for professional accountants. Retrieved January 03, 2017, from Ifac: https://www.ifac.org/system/files/publications/files/ifac-code-of-ethics-for.pdf Intheblack. (2015, January 06). 6 key threats to auditor independence. Retrieved January 03, 2017, from Intheblack: https://intheblack.com/articles/2015/01/06/6-key-threats-to-auditor-independence Auditing and Ethical Practice Introduction Question: Describe the purpose and concepts of analytical procedures based on the applicable auditing standards (ASA) in Australia. Answer: Executive Summary The report helps to prove a clear and precise idea about the purpose and concept of the analytical procedure and its significance in determining the performance, risk and continuity of the business of the companies. The knowledge of the analytical procedure helps to determine and analyse the financial statement of the company. The financial statement helps to provide a brief notion on the company financial position in the market. The repost consist of the comparison between the three company listed in Australian stock exchange which states the company insolvency, auditors opinion on the going concern issues and company without any qualified opinion. The report helps to provide an idea about the performance and risk and continuity of the companies on the basis of the analytical procedure. In the last of the report a precise idea about the reliability of information and auditors judgement is critically analysed. Introduction Financial statement considered to be one of the most vital element which helps to determine the basis for the analytical procedure of the company. Analytical procedure consist of overall evaluation and detailed analysis of financial information such as balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement of the company which help to throw light on the company several key business risk which are solvency risk, measure the performance and other key risk related to the company. Analytical procedure is executed on the basis of the study of reasonable relationship between the financial and non financial data. Financial data and non financial data proves to be the platform which help to determine and analyse the company several key ratio which eventually give a clear and precise idea about the company efficiency, profitability, performance and risk related issues. The financial information of balance sheet help to throw light on the asset and liabilities aspect, income statement helps t o provide an idea on the profitability aspect and cash flow statement helps to throw light on the company three primary activities financing, investing and operating activities. Purpose and concept of analytical procedures The purpose of the analytical procedure helps to provide a set of standard which ensure that the company is preparing and publishing the financial statement on the basis of proper analysis of the last year performance of the company. Auditor have the significant responsibility which help to perform the analytical procedure near the end pg the audit that will eventually help to guide and thus form key observation related to the company performance, solvency and risk relate to the company overall operation in the coming future. Analysis of the Three Selected Companies Selection of Companies First of all, in order to carry out the effective analysis of the individual companys performance, risk related factors and continuity of the business procedures, selecting or identifying a company according to the requirement is considered as a major stage. The rest of the analysis procedure will be performed on the selected company and the method will be chosen on the nature of analysis (Champlain, 2003). In this case, the selection criteria are known to be the Australian Public Companies listed in the ASX between the time periods of 2011 2014. Integrating to the initial criteria, three companies named as, Amcom Telecommunications Ltd, Automotive Holdings Group Ltd and Metlifecare Ltd. In this case, it is worth to mention that the first company of Metlife is going through the process of facing the insolvency risk, the second one named as Automotive Holdings is needed the auditors opinion on the current concerns and issues, lastly, Amcom is company which is without any qualified op inion. Analysis of Performance, Risk and Continuity In this particular portion, the performance, risk and continuity of the three selected companies will be discussed by considering the appropriate analytical procedures as the part of company auditing process (Harms and Rosen, 2002). The different financial statements of these three different companies will be evaluated in order to perform the analysis on the specifically mentioned areas. In this specific context, the entire process of analysis can be done easily and smoothly on the basis of calculating the ratios from different areas of operation by the companies and the generated value can give the overall picture of regarding the identified areas. The first company, named as Metlife Ltd has the lack of business performance and the fact can be generated by looking at the current ratio of the company. The value of current ratio for the company in the three different financial years (2012, 2013 2014) are not looking strong as they never crossed the benchmark of one (Knell, 2006). Therefore, the company has not been able to utilize its assets to cover up the debts. This individual factor proves that the company is more open to the risks of being insolvent in the near future if it continues to give the same picture. As a matter of concern, the trend of the current ratio is constantly shows the downward picture as 0.03, 0.08 and 0.74 in the three respective financial years. In an addition, the continuity of the company depends on its profitability and growth in the market. In this case, the growth of the company can be referred by the net margin and it has improved slightly in the current financial year but was diminished in the pr evious year. The financial performance in case of Automotive Holdings Group Ltd is much improved by depending on the current ratio. Throughout the current and also the previous two financial years, the company has been able to display a good and health value out of the current ratio (Koletar, 2003). 1.27, 1.23 and 1.23 are resulting values that are obtained from the calculation of current ratio. The risk associated with the company can be ascertained by considering the debt-to equity ratio and in this case, a Debt-to-Equity value of 0.50 or less is considered as the standard margin. This company has been able to keep the values of Debt-Equity well under that margin throughout the every financial year that have been considered. Therefore, the risk factor is minimized for the concern of this company. Alternatively, compared to 2012 and 2012, the net income has not increased in the recent financial year and that is why the company should need to look into this matter. In the last three financial years of 2012, 2013 and 2014, the financial performance of the company named as Amcom Telecommunications Ltd is much improved and the fact can be established by considering the current ratios of 1.12, 1.16 and 1.11 respectively (Schou, 2011). By analysing the Debt-to Equity ratio, the significant business operation and their continuity can be concerned as it is determined that the company is pursuing the operation by avoiding the huge burden of risks or debts. The Debt-Equity ratio for the three examined financial years displayed as 0.29 0.30 and 0.12. Apparently, analysing the growth of the company, it is acknowledged that the company was able to recover from a downward situation to achieve significantly from the market. Analysing the net margin of the company, it should need to look after the diminishing return in the current financial year as compared to the previous ones. Comparison and Contrast of Opinion In this portion, the effective comparison and contrast of the three previous discussed areas of these three selected companies will be discussed in order to reach an effective auditing conclusion (Stallings et al., 2008). In the areas of performance, the analysis reports of these three companies suggest that Metlifecare Ltd is weak in terms of financial abilities among the two companies. Alternatively, Amcom Telecommunications Ltd is among the selected three companies which has significantly shown the consistent financial performance in every financial years examined. Considering the diminishing trend of the current ratio, the company of Metlifecare Ltd is vulnerable to the associated business risks and the other two companies have been able to mitigate the business risks and continued to perform in the business world (Taylor, 2006). The entire analysis is supported by the calculation of Debt-to-Equity ratio. In case of continuity of the companies, the analysis was carried out by evaluating the growth percentage and net margin for the individual companies. Determined from the year-based comparison of the result of the particular companies, Metlifecare Ltd has been able to improve slightly in the recent financial year while the other two companies must need to look after their earning capabilities to achieve the desired growth and continuity. Impact of Reliability of Information and Auditors Judgement The analytical procedures play the significant role in the part of the auditing process and it consists of the analysis and evaluation of the financial information that are generated from the study of plausible relationships among the non-financial and financial data (Thomsett, 2007). From the range of simple comparisons to utilization of the complex models can be involved in order to carry out the analysis relating the elements of data. The plausible relationships among the various data and reasonability are the factors that should be present in any form of analytical procedure. With the absence of these desired characteristics, the different variations in the particular relationships can be observed and these are known as the events like transactional changes, business changes, accounting changes, misstatements and several other fluctuations. Analytical procedures Purpose It is very important to conduct the appropriate audit process by the auditor. Analytical procedures mainly consist of evaluation of financial information with the help of standard analytical technique (Schou, 2011). The analytical procedures are used throughout the audit process to achieve accurate result. Financial statements are critically reviewed and analysed throughout the audit process. ISA 520 is one of the most reliable and standard evidence obtains from substantial analytical technique. Concept Substantive analytical providers are more effective than the other procedures and for this particular purpose the auditors uses this particular technique in recent times to achieve the precise result of the audit. However, There are several steps are followed by the auditors to complete the entire process of audit by using the standard techniques and among them establishment of independent exception is one of the most initial and significant stage that is taken under consideration (Zakhem, et al., 2008). There are some factors were involved that provide critical impact on the analytical procedures such as disaggregation, data reliability and predictability. These factors were considered by the auditors while conducting the audit process and valuable measures were taken to prevent any kinds of damage that can hamper the process of auditing. The assurance of the analytical procedures is being considered upon the consistency and continuation of the recorded amount with the exceptions developed from the data generated from the other sources (Zadek, et al., 2013). The reliability of the data depends on the generated results should be appropriate and match the expectations for the desired level of assurance from the analytical procedure. One auditor must examine the reliability of the information by considering the source from where the information is generated and the condition from which it was developed. Also, in this case, the knowledge of the auditor about those information is judged as the key factor for performing the analysis. According to the referred journal articles of AU Section 329A, some of the factors have been identified as they influence the auditors consideration related to the reliability of information in order to achieve the auditing objectives (Zakhem, et al., 2008). They are known as the following: Information generated from the independent source situated outside or inside the entity Independency of the sources within the entity for those who are responsible for auditing the amount The development of the information is resulted under the reliable system with the presence of adequate controls The collected information is subjected to the audit testing in the current or prior year The desired expectations are met by the information generated from the variety of sources Conclusion In the concluding portion of this paper, it should be mentioned that the effectiveness of the analysis procedure depends on the proper approaches of auditing while considering the ethical dilemmas. It is the effective part of the reviewing process of any company and it assists the auditor in assessing the different financial and non-financial concerns of the organization to reach the effective conclusion. The overall evaluation can be done on this basis and the presentation of the entire financial statements can be secured by the process (Schou, 2011). The fact is also gathered that there is the presence of wide variety of useful analytical procedures for the specific purpose of the company. In this case, an auditor must consider his/her knowledge to identify the factors of adequacy of the evidence related to the gathered data and unexpected or unusual balances or relationships. This can support the company to reach for the effective outcome as a result of auditing practices. References Champlain, J. (2003).Auditing information systems. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley. Harms, D. and Rosen, E. (2002).The impact of Enron. New York: Practising Law Institute. Knell, A. (2006).Corporate governance. Amsterdam: Elsevier/CIMA. Koletar, J. (2003).Fraud exposed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Schou, D. (2011).Going concern. Frederiksberg. Stallings, W., Brown, L., Bauer, M. and Howard, M. (2008).Computer security. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Taylor, E. (2006).The effects of in-group bias and decision aids on auditors' evidence evaluation. [Tampa, Fla]: University of South Florida. Thomsett, M. (2007).Annual reports 101. New York: American Management Association. Zadek, S., Evans, R. and Pruzan, P. (2013).Building Corporate Accountability. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Zakhem, A., Palmer, D. and Stoll, M. (2008).Stakeholder theory. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.

Essay Examples on Capitalism Essay Example

Essay Examples on Capitalism Paper 1st Essay Sample on Capitalism Capitalism is can be simply defined as an economic system, marked by open competition in a free market, in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to increasing accumulation and reinvestment of profits.However, capitalism tends to incorporate a certain â€Å"way of thinking†, driven by greed, the search for ever-increasing profits, worldwide expansion, and internal development.Starting from the earliest origins of capitalism, only societies with the capabilities and the appropriate mindset could flourish amidst this period of economic, social, and religious dispersion. The earliest form of capitalism is seen in feudalism, the political and economic system based on the relation of lord to vassal held on conditions of homage and service.Feudalism was characterized by a surplus of agriculture and monopolistic rights, as only the members of town guilds could practice certain trades.Essentially, monopolisti c redistribution of the product of society has been the essence of capitalism from the beginning, which originated from Feudalism. The earliest establishment of capitalism originated in Rome through mercantilism.Mercantilism involves the distribution of goods in order to realize a profit, which is the fundamental goal of capitalism.Goods were bought at one site for a certain price and then moved to another site and sold at a higher price.As the Roman Empire expanded, mercantilism correspondingly expanded.But the fall of the Roman Empire caused European economies do eventually lose its focus of mercantilism and localize their economies.However, these mercantilist ideas gradually evolved into capitalism in the era after the fall of Rome.The absence of empires created the social space for capitalism.Capitalism was similar to mercantilism in its large-scale search for profit by acquiring goods at lower prices than one sells them. 2nd Essay Sample on Capitalism Geographical proximity has facilitated capital flows, as north east Asian manufacturers of labor intensive exports moved their factories south to take advantage of the skilled labor which helped a lot Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. From policy view point these linkages have been encouraged by the generally liberal treatment of foreign investment. But even where foreign investment policies have been restrictive, informal credit and information networks have helped investors to move capital relatively freely. 1- Policy imitation specifically of Japans industrial strategy. This was an explicit objective in Korea and Malaysia. (regional linkages facilitated the adoption of imitative strategies in both public and private sector activity. 2- Korea borrowed Japanese techniques for building large trading companies and directing the structure of industry. Through their earlier trade with Japan, western importers had become familiar with Asian business. As a consequence gained respect for East Asian quality. Later US imposed quantitative restrictions on Japanese products were producers from Korea, Taiwan and China took advantage to establish lucrative positions. Of course regional characteristics alone cannot count for East Asias success. If geography, history and culture were an adequate explanation other economies would have little to learn from them. In which the market takes the centre stage in economic life and government play a minor role. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Capitalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Capitalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Capitalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

6 successful ways to start your workday

6 successful ways to start your workday Do you have a hard time hitting the desk running, so to speak, on any given work day? Try following some of these strategies to jumpstart your work mornings and make yourself more productive and engaged from the get-go. 1. Establish a pre-work routine at home.First, you have to lay a solid foundation, which means a good night’s sleep. Then, when you hopefully wake up well rested, throw in a nice stretch or short bit of exercise. Get your blood moving- whether you have five minutes to spare for some yoga or can squeeze in 30 minutes of a solid workout. You’ll feel more awake, more grounded, and more capable. Then eat something with a bit of protein that will fuel your morning. Finally, if you’re a caffeine person, have your coffee or tea.2. Dress to feel and perform your best.You don’t have to go formal to â€Å"dress the part.† If you work from home, at least change out of your pajamas to differentiate your lounging self from your working self. If y ou don’t, aim for work clothes that make you feel comfortable and empowered.3. Start on time.Whether your commute is the five steps it takes you to get from the kitchen table to the couch or 45 minutes of driving, busing, or biking, arrive at your desk on time. To perform your best, consider â€Å"on time† to be five minutes early–that gives you time to collect your thoughts and set yourself up for the day ahead.4. Take a moment to just think.A moment of peace can be a moment well-spent- every morning pause to have a nice, mindful think about how things are going, what you’ve been accomplishing, and what you’d like to get done that day. Reacquaint yourself with your to-do list. Pause for a second and engage. Your work day will be much more bearable this way because you  will be in charge of managing the day (and not the other way around). Map out your day, allowing for small adjustments here and there.5. Get comfortable.Figure out the most ideal work set-up for your productivity. Maybe that’s a standing desk, or an exercise ball, or a lumbar support, or a footrest under your desk. Make sure everything in your workspace is de-cluttered and positioned to make yourself physically capable of sitting there and doing what you need to do.6. Eliminate distractions.Devise a system that will make you less vulnerable to interruptions. When you sit down for the day, turn off notifications, put your phone in a bag or a drawer, and focus- at least for long stretches of time. If it helps, set a timer to help you keep break time, mindless task time, and productive project time separate. And do yourself a favor: don’t check your email all the time. Set yourself designated times instead.The main takeaway from these tips is to remain mindful and put systems in place. If you establish a morning routine and stick with it for at least 2 weeks, these good habits will soon become the norm!

Qualitative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Qualitative Research - Essay Example This qualitative research approach takes into consideration the nature of a human being. It requires the researcher to find individuals who understand the objectives of the study and are willing to provide the required information (Key, 1997). After collecting data, the researcher will have to classify and rank it. They have to develop a general overview of the collected information and be able to identify outstanding issues. This design is suitable for the research topic because its principal objective is to examine human behavior and the experiences that human beings go through. There are three methods through which qualitative data for a research project on section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 can be carried out. They are; participant observation, the use of case studies and interviewing individuals who can provide credible information on the subject. The first method that can be used is participant observation. The method will allow the researcher to collect and organize data in a systematic way that is based on social science theory and methodology (Key, 1997). The researcher will observe if and how the Rehabilitation Act is applied in Federal programs and recruitment of people. This can be achieved by requesting to participate in the evaluation of Federal programs and recruitment exercises. However, the researcher has to periodically carry out a self evaluation to ensure that they are carrying out an unbiased research (Key, 1997). The main reason for using this method is that it provides an opportunity to experience the application of the Act i n a natural setting. In addition, the other variables that may be involved can be analyzed. Case studies are detailed investigations of individuals, organizations or communities with the aim of understanding how a concept, principle or law is applied. The researcher will attempt to analyze the variables that are relevant to the Rehabilitation Act. The main

What does subjectivity means in terms of documentary filmmaking and Research Paper

What does subjectivity means in terms of documentary filmmaking and what it has to do with digital technology - Research Paper Example The term â€Å"subjective† used to mean â€Å"as things are in themselves† whereas the term â€Å"objective† used to denote â€Å"as things are presented to consciousness†. In other words, the word â€Å"subjective† referred to the actual fact while â€Å"objective† used to refer to the way a situation or scenario were perceived. However, with the progression of time, the definitions for each term also changed as â€Å"objective† was then used to mean â€Å"fair-minded, factual, fair-minded and reliable† whereas â€Å"subjective† was then considered as something perceived and therefore unreliable as being an impression instead of facts. According to Dictionary.com, subjectivity refers to â€Å"the state or quality of being subjective; subjectiveness, a subjective thought or idea, intentness on internal thoughts and internal reality†. This paper attempts to explore subjectivity in terms of documentary filmmaking and the way subjectivity changed with the emergence of new digital technologies. Since documentary filmmaking employees the way a director wants to capture the event or story, this medium is more inclined towards subjectivity instead of objectivity. Digitalization, with the rapid increase in globalization, has become an important phenomenon in the modern world. New technologies have altered the potential of production of documentaries as well as the way artists are presented thus increasing subjectivity in the matter presented to the audience. These new technologies have impacted powerfully on the artistic process in the filmmaking and possibly more than on most other innovative attempts. For instance, as a newest tool provided by the digital technologies, the digital color is making cinematographers and directors into keen painters that are eager to explicate their individual doctrines about color. Moreover, the digital still cameras provide the power to camera operator to capture ima ges and then instantly view them similar to Polaroid cameras. But the most significant role is of the digital technology is in the make-up and wardrobe departments, which are able to make various images through different angles to ascertain which will be the most suitable, and this particular ease was not provided by the Polaroid cameras. While digital cameras are maybe competing with their celluloid equivalents, digital non-linear editing extended an entirely new construct to the manner images could be edited together, similar to a great extent in the way text in a document can be cut and pasted within the word processors available. It can be accounted for the post-production department to embrace digital technologies in computerized non-linear form of editing (Elsaesser, 1998). In the documentary filmmaking world, capturing truth has always been a complex task. According to tradition, appreciated in non-fiction erudition for its unbiased and impersonal capacity to reflect the pro- filmic without any fictitious ruse, the documentary film has been experiencing substantial formal alterations since its early primitive days of omniscient narration and observation, by and by deserting its efforts to stress objectivity in a picture. With the modernistic form of the self-referent essayistic cast to its recent performing construction, the documentary has been incessantly revitalizing concern in the rhetorical images of fiction and subjectivity, thinking about arguments on the basis of incompleteness and uncertainties instead of prioritizing discorporate facts and knowledge (Nichols, 2001). Often perceived as complex evidential assertions regarding the theatrical of the world, digital technology has been playing a substantial role recently in developing new aesthetic bases for establishing a

Thematic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Thematic Analysis - Essay Example The second reading was done more carefully, with an emphasis on understanding what the answers were. On the third reading, a different tact was taken by reading only the same question and answer from every transcript and noting the differences and the similarities of the participants’ answers. The interviews actually posed seven questions to the participants and needless to say, there were also seven answers corresponding to the questions. For example, the first question in every transcript for every interview is â€Å"How would you define your gender identity?† This question and the answers to them by the seven participants were the first items to be taken. To make the eventual classification of these answers easier, seven pieces of similar sized papers were used. In each piece of paper, the answer of the every participant was written. The same process was also observed for the next questions so that there were seven sets of papers corresponding to the answers of the seven questions, consisting of seven pieces of paper each for every interviewee’s answer. The papers were, of course, properly labeled and tagged as to the participant number and question number. To proceed with the process of the thematic analysis, the first question and therefore the first set of papers were studied. The answers were again read, noting particularly their similarities and differences. Answers with similarities were grouped together. For the first question, for example (i.e., How would you define your gender identity?), the answers were grouped together into three. Each group of answers for the first questions was scrutinised carefully and examined for their similarities. The next step was to give a label or tag to the similarities that underpin them. For the first set of answers, for example, the label of Sex was attributed because these answers equated their gender identity with the Sex that they were born with. The second set of answers for the first

Impact of foreign aid on the economic growth of Nigeria

Impact of foreign aid on the economic growth of Nigeria Foreign aid can be simply put to be a flow of assistance which can take the form of funds, infrastructure, trade openness from high income countries to low income countries. The debate till date has been centred around the significance of this aid on the economic growth of these countries. To a large extent, several researches have shown a positive impact of foreign aid on the economic growth of LDCs with the exception of a few factors which may affect this positive impact on growth, while some others have shown a negative impact on economic growth of these LDCs. According to Burnside and Dollar (1997), the positive impact of foreign aid on growth in LDCs is subject to the country having good fiscal, monetary and trade policies, thus, the introduction of economic policies into their economic equation. This was included, to see if aid was allocated to these countries in favour of good policies. Durbarry et al (1998) argue that an important limitation of much of this literature is the incompleteness of the underlying growth models, according to them, irrespective of the fact that Burnside and Dollar were among the first to take into account economic policies, they have not been able to examine the impact of aid in general including only aggregate savings and investment variables. Most of these researches have based the framework of their research on the neoclassical growth model such as the Solow growth model and the Ramsey-cass-koopmans growth model which suggests that poor countries should have a high return to capital and a fast growth rate in transition to the steady state ( Burnside and Dollar, 1997). According to Chenery and Strout (1966), in the case of a country seeking a transformation of its existing economy and hoping not to rely on more advanced countries (i.e. foreign aid), such a country must be able to meet the necessary demands for her rapid growth from either her own resources or from her net exports. The case of foreign aid and economic growth has proven to be a continuous learning process, in that, while some studies base their findings on macroeconomic factors such as economic policies, others have recommended the use of human well being factors such as infant mortality, literacy, life expectancy and employment level ( Burnside and Dollar 1997; Fayissa and El-Kaissy 1999). While the results of Durbarry et al (1998) supports the results of Burnside and Dollar (1997) which shows foreign aid to have a positive impact on growth where there is a good macroeconomic policy environment, but with some exceptions which were based on income level, levels of aid allocation and geographical location. According to him, aid has been tested econometrically based on a macro and micro level, the results of some these tests by some researchers show that aid works at the micro level while at the macro level the results as ambiguous ( Durbarry et al, 1998). So far, most research have dwelt on macroeconomic factors as well as physical factors which in their opinions either shows that growth is fostered positively by aid or negatively by aid. One interesting contribution to the subject matter in question is the contribution by Douglas C. Dacy, which looked at foreign aid and economic growth from a totally different point of view, his paper aimed showing the possibility of an aid receiving country having its post-aid growth rate to be lower than it would have been in a situation of not receiving aid under certain conditions. According to Dacy (1975), his paper viewed the subject of foreign aid and economic growth with respect to consumption on the side of the government as well as domestic savings. Contrary to other researches, Dacy in his paper viewed foreign aid as a substitute for domestic savings, saying that there would not be an increase in total savings by the full amount of foreign savings. Thus, LDCs will increase consumption as well as investment if foreign aid is made available. Papanek (1973) in his paper, studied the relationship between aid, savings, foreign investment and growth in thirty-four LDCs for the 1950s and fifty-one LDCs for the 1960s, applying cross-country regression analysis. Treating each of these components as separate explanatory variables, he found out that over a third of GDP growth is explained b y domestic savings and foreign inflows. Also the effect foreign aid has relative to other variables is considerably higher, his results also suggests no inverse relationship between aid and foreign private investment as well as showing a non-correlation between growth and factors such as; exports, education, country size or per capita income. Unlike Chenery and Strouts result which showed that Countrys size and per capita income has a positive relationship with growth, Papaneks result did not show such positive relationship as said earlier. This is because Papaneks work had savings as one of the independent variables and this was seen to be si gnificantly correlated with per capita income. Concluding his paper, Papanek (1973), suggests from his results that foreign aid is distributed disproportionately to LDCs experiencing low savings rates as well as severe balance of payments problems. And that this disproportionate aid has a more positive effect on growth than domestic savings and other sources of foreign inflows. Chenery and Strouts results are criticised by Papanek as not being very stable and also in his results, foreign source of inflows are not disaggregated compared to the results of Papanek. Papanek (1973) and Burnside Dollar (2000) share similar opinions on the allocation of foreign aid to low income countries. As Papanek is of the view that foreign aid is disproportionately distributed to low income countries who are experiencing low savings rate. While Burnside and Dollar is of the view that though this is allocated to low income countries, it is also influenced by population, i.e. aid donors tend to allocate more aid to smaller countries in size within the Low Income Countries, and also there are variables that reflect their own strategies. Generally speaking, from researches done so far, it is evident that foreign aid has a positive relationship (or impact) on economic growth in LDCs. But this could show a different result when the countries are sampled individually, such that, though aid may be positively related to economic growth based on some macroeconomic factors, it may also a negative relationship influenced by some other factors. According to Levy (1988), his paper aimed at showing some level of quantitative evidence on the impact of foreign aid on economic growth. This he showed using a sample of 22 Low Income Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with the exception of a few African countries which to him had their level of development similar to that of middle income countries. Using time series data for his analysis, Levy found two important things; which is a positively significant relationship between aid, investment and economic growth in Africa. The second important finding is that there is a significant contribution by fixed capital formation to the rate of economic growth. Although the exclusion of some African countries which he classified as similar to middle income countries from his analysis seems questionable, Levys contribution to the subject matter is very significant. According to Burnside and Dollar (1997), most researches such as that of Levy (1988) and a few others who made an attempt to measure the impact of aid on domestic savings, investment and growth in developing countries, have had results which faced several econometric difficulties. Taking another close look at the work of Dacy (1975) which questioned the desirability of aid, according to him, even if aid is used in a way that contributes to a decline in the long term growth rate, it will almost always be true that the capital stock income and consumption will be higher at the end of the period of aid, and for a number of years afterward, than it would have been without aid. To this end he agrees with Papanek (1973) view which argues that the inverse relationship shown in most statistical research between domestic savings and foreign aid might be greatly misleading. This view is due to Papaneks objections from his observations from previous studies, thus, Papaneks results which show that there is a positive relationship between aid and economic growth as well as aid having an inverse relationship with domestic savings is largely accepted by Dacy. Durbarry et al (1998) in their paper made reference to the work of Hadjimicheal et al (1995) as being a more advanced piece of research compared to most of the researches before it. This is because of their effort to show the potential secondary effect of foreign aid such as the Dutch Disease as well as other policy related variables that are speculated to have an effect on growth. Ekanayake and chatrna (2010) in their paper, criticised the work of Karras (2006) which concluded that there is a positive statistically significant and permanent impact of foreign aid on economic growth. In which they gave a statistical analysis by per person result as well as the growth rate of real GDP per capita, but in all this, they did not take into consideration the effect of policies. According to the research carried out by Ekanayake and Chatrna (2010), their results showed mixed effects of foreign aid on economic growth in LDCs, their research was carried out using annual data on a group of 85 developing countries cutting across continents. The models that were specified in their work were estimated using panel least squares estimation method. Malik (2008) described the poverty of people in the poorest African Countries to be on the increase despite the many years of development assistance. According to him, there has remained a stagnant or declining real per capita income since the 1960s, thus the disturbing question is why could these countries not break the poverty trap despite receiving large inflows of foreign aid?. This question he sought to answer using the co-integration analysis for six poorest African Countries, the results from this analysis showed the existence of a long run relationship between real GDP, aid and investment as a percentage of GP and trade openness. But showing the effect of foreign aid on growth, the result indicated a long run negative relationship for most of these countries. Easterly (2003) went ahead in his paper to discuss the historical research on the relationship between foreign aid and Economic growth. This he did, citing the work of Burnside and Dollar as being an early research that was widely accepted by the World Bank and economies of the world, and thus, created the platform for further research. According to Easterly (2003), data availability was one of the main limitations to having a conclusive and reasonable literature on the subject matter i.e. foreign aid and economic growth in the 1960s and onwards, as well as the reasonable arguments on the specific factors and ways through which foreign aid can affect growth. In his paper, Easterly (2003) cited the paper by Boone (1996) as being noted for its aim to address the issues of reverse causality through the introduction of political factors that determine aid, and thus, using them as instruments in addressing these problems. He also discussed the paper by Burnside and Dollar (2000) as being well known for addressing the disbelief shown by Boone and also the lack of agreement from previous studies. In another paper by Papanek (1972) titled The Effect of Aid and other Resource Transfers on Savings and Growth in Less Developed Countries, he analysed the recent challenge to past assumptions with respect to aid, savings and growth, where he termed some past literatures as Revisionists. His concern is based on their argument that the contribution to economic growth by foreign aid is little or insignificant, in which a number of factors were taken into consideration to support this claim. He went further to expand their argument saying Aid may ease the lot of the recipient countrys citizens by permitting higher consumption which is considered desirable if the analysts humanitarian instincts outweigh his Calvinist conviction that people should struggle for their economic salvation, but does little for growth (Papanek, 1972). Amongst these, are other literatures done by several researchers in which different methods were implemented such as the Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) model used by Gounder (2001), in which his results showed a positive relationship between foreign aid and economic growth in Fiji. There has been other literatures that have also tried to show this relationship in individual countries, some have found a positive relationship but a long- run negative relationship using the Co-integration and error correction analysis, while others found a co-integration between saving rate, real gross domestic product and aid therefore showing a long-run positive effects (Murty et al, 1994; Nyoni, 1998). Taking a closer look at the problem of causality which Boone tried to address, Dacy (1975) concurs that the issue of causality is a tough knot to tie. He also suggests that the debate on if foreign aid contributes largely to economic growth is one that cannot be fully decided, as there would be a need to take into consideration the response of individuals as well as groups. Such consideration includes checking if these individuals or groups behave in a certain way where there is an increase in aid compared to where there is no aid. From the above literatures and many more, it is obvious that the issue of foreign aid and its impact on economic growth is inconclusive and is also a continuous learning process. Depending on the different types of data and methodology used in previous studies, several results have been achieved; some depict positive and significant relationship while others indicate negative long-run relationships based on different factors. This paper in the next section would be using time series data and applying the Ordinary Least Squares method (OLS) as well as the co-integration method to see what impact foreign aid has on the economic growth of Nigeria. Section 3. Data and Methodology In testing for the impact of foreign aid on the economic growth of Nigeria, I am using annual time series data which has its period from 1960 2009 and which is gotten from World Bank World Development Indicators. Thus, the focus of this analysis is on Nigeria as a developing country and a recipient of aid from advanced countries which are known as donors. Due to the limited availability of data with respect to the proposed variables, the observations are 49 running from 1960-2009. The table below shows the variables that are included in this study as well as the source they were gotten from: Table 1: Variable Unit source Gross Domestic product Growth Rate World Bank Foreign Direct Investment Percentage of GDP World Bank Trade(Openness; exports plus imports as a percentage of GDP Percentage of GDP World Bank Population Growth Per Cent (%) World Bank Net ODA per capita Current US$ World Bank Most of my variables were gotten from the work of Ekanayake and Chatrna (2010), where he used things like investment as proxy for growth rate of capital stock and also population growth as proxy for labour force. This study also uses population growth as a proxy for labour force as well as including trade to represent openness which as shown in the table above is made up of exports plus imports as a percentage of GDP. Net ODA per capita is a proxy for aid alongside Foreign Direct Investment, as earlier said, this study would be adopting the use of Ordinary Least Squares method (OLS) for its analysis. To ensure that the study is academically robust, I will also be employing the use of co-integration tests, to check the long run relationship between Foreign aid and Economic growth in Nigeria.

The Success of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Essay -- American History,

In the 1600’s, two colonies were establishing themselves on the east coast of North America. In 1607, a group of merchants, known as the Virginia Company, settled at Jamestown, Virginia on the Chesapeake Bay (Divine, 72); while Puritan leader John Winthrop, stationed himself and his followers at Massachusetts Bay in 1630. (Divine, 90) Although both settlements started off relatively the same, the greater success of one over the other has caused continuous debates between many, including the descendants of these early Americans. Some might argue that the Virginia Colony was more successful than the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of the Virginia colonists’ motivation and interest in profit (Divine, 76). However, when efforts for income proved futile, this and survival became the colony's only interests. Therefore, Massachusetts proved itself to be the stronger colony and the most successful, as a result of its community development and social advancement, its economic growth, and the positive influence the government had on the Massachusetts Colony. Instead of having scattered villages like the Virginia colony, the people of the Massachusetts Bay Colony organized communities that were small and built close together. These centers were built so that villagers were able to complete a wide range of duties such as cultivating land or fetching lumber from forests (Divine, 94). This system was especially efficient for finishing these important tasks and allowing time for other agendas that were important to the colonists. The setup of the town was not just efficient. Families were able to live close together which helped create a sense of community among the people. Taverns and meetinghouses were commonly built in town, giving the ... ...ve in Virginia did not mean immigrants were free from its rule. Upon departing England, those leaving would take an â€Å"oath of allegiance and supremacy† (Virginia Ship’s List). This meant that the people owed their loyalty to the monarch of England, not to Virginia itself. The colonists of Virginia could have been frustrated that their head official was chosen by a single person, a person who had no place within their community. In fact, Berkeley, the governor the monarch of England elected, â€Å"brought high taxes on the people, increased his power at the expense of local officials and created a monopoly on Indian trade† (Divine, 85). This abuse of power is possibly one of the causes of rebellions, specifically Bacon’s rebellion. This republic government leading the Virginia Colony was an increasingly stark contrast to the Massachusetts’ Colony’s democratic government.

Data Communications Essay

Differentiate between an analog and a digital electromagnetic signal. What are three important characteristics of a periodic signal. What is the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of a sine wave. Define fundamental frequency. What is the relationship between a signal’s spectrum and its bandwidth. What is attenuation? Define channel capacity. What key factors affect channel capacity? Problems: Figure 1 shows the frequency domain function for a single square pulse. The signal pulse could represent a digital 1 in a communications system. Note that an infinite number of higher frequencies of decreasing magnitudes is needed to represent the single pulse. What implication does that have for a real digital transmission system? Suppose that a digitised TV picture is to be transmitted from a source that uses a matrix of 480 x 500 picture elements (pixels), where each pixel can take on one of 32 intensity values. Assume that 30 pictures are sent per second. (This digital source is is roughly equivalent to broadcast TV standards that have been adopted.) Find the source rate R (bps) Assume that the TV picture is to be transmitted over a channel with 4.5Mhz bandwidth and a 35dB signal-to -noise ratio. Find the capacity of the channel (bps). Discuss how the parameters given in part (a.) could be modified to allow transmission of colour TV signals without increasing the required value for R. What is the channel capacity for a teleprinter channel with a 300Hz bandwidth and a signal-to-noise ratio of 3dB, where the noise is white thermal noise? A digital signalling system is required to operate at 9600bps. If a signal element encodes a 4-bit word, what is the minimum required bandwidth of the channel? Repeat part (a .) for the case of 8-bit words. Given the narrow (usable) audio bandwidth of a telephone transmission facility, a nominal SNR of 56dB (400,000), and a certain level of distortion, What is the theoretical maximum channel capacity (kbps) of traditional telephone lines? What can we say about the actual maximum channel capacity? Given a channel with an intended capacity of 20Mpbs, the bandwidth of the channel is 3MHz. Assuming white thermal noise, what signal-to-noise ratio is required to achieve this capacity? If an amplifier has a 30dB voltage gain, what voltage ratio does the gain represent? An amplifier has an output of 20W. What is the output in dBW? Answers: Short Questions With guided media, the electromagnetic waves are guided along an enclosed physical path whereas unguided media provide a means for transmitting electromagnetic waves but do not guide them. A continuous or analog signal is one in which the signal intensity varies in a smooth fashion over time while a discrete or digital signal is one in which the signal intensity maintains one of a finite number of constant levels for some period of time and then changes to another constant level. Amplitude, frequency, and phase are three important characteristics of a periodic signal. The relationship is ÃŽ »f = v, where ÃŽ » is the wavelength, f is the frequency, and v is the speed at which the signal is traveling. The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency component in the Fourier representation of a periodic quantity. The spectrum of a signal is the frequencies it contains while the bandwidth of a signal is the width of the spectrum. Attenuation is the gradual weakening of a signal over dis tance. The rate at which data can be transmitted over a given communication path, or channel, under given conditions, is referred to as the channel capacity. Bandwidth, noise, and error rate.

Anne Sexton Essays - Witches, British Poetry, Free Essays

Anne Sexton Essays - Witches, British Poetry, Free Essays Anne Sexton ANNE SEXTON Her Kind This is a poem that is filled with imagery that the author uses to identify the reader with what I feel were personal stresses in her own life. In class we talked about Anne as an emotionally challenged women who couldnt cope with every day life. The Title of the poem suggests by saying Her that she is talking about someone else that she could relate to. However I think that instead she might have been talking about her self. Through out the poem she shows the Worlds view of the witch and then gives her own feelings on the subject such as I have been her kind and A woman like that is not a woman at all. All the stanzas have seven lines and all have the same last line. It seems that the stanzas slowly lead up to some kind of explanation to the way women are treated. Through out the poem the tone is a dreary one. We are taken through the story relating to the witch and agreeing with the fact that these obscene gestures by the witch, waving my nude arms at villages going by are some how warranted. It is obvious that that the symbolism and metaphor shows us a witch and I think also these metaphors relate to the author and how she feels she is labeled. In the first stanza we get a picture of classical views of what a witch symbolizes, and this then tells me how Anne must feel. She says braver at night/ over the plain houses light by light. I think this is saying that she is more comfortable at night, maybe in seclusion, and looks down on the average normal home light by light and sees that as been the norm and want nothing to do with it. I think she feels different than the rest and the fact that she uses dark and light might even say she might even feel evil. She even states she is out of mind which is what I think shes saying to show she is different and she feels that is how she is looked at and sarcastically says that she cant be the ideal woman. The second stanza seems different to me. It seems to be more symbolic of her own life. I see a witch, maybe herself obsess with the arranging of her so-called cave. I think this is symbolic of her home life and shows everyones image of an ugly witch in a cave doing ugly witch things. I think this is how she felt about the average housewife in that she says, A woman like that is misunderstood. I think she meant that the average housewife is fooling herself. Its like she took a pause right in the middle of the poem to let the reader know whom she was talking about. She was letting everybody know she couldnt stand the fact that she had to make a happy home just to get right with society. The third stanza I feel shows the anger she felt towards society. She defies her driver as if to through it in his face that she is a witch by throwing her naked arms. She relates her torment to a like medieval time when witches were burned at the stake and beaten just for who they were, and my ribs crack were your wheels wind. I think here she has made it through the torture and the ride home hurts do to her injuries. But never the less she made it and is not ashamed. I think she laughs at the women who deny their own impulses and feels that is what is truly ugly.